Night gave me a black eye but I can find the light! 'S ...

1, don't wait for the power of mobile phone battery charging ...


We will have a general idea is that mobile phone battery power should all put a better finish is basically recharge Yes, because we previously used in most rechargeable batteries are nickel metal hydride (NiH) batteries, while the so-called nickel-metal hydride battery If you hold the memory effect of the electricity and then charge the battery life would result in rapid decline. Therefore, we will use the last drop of power began to charge. But now, mobile phone and IA products, most of the general lithium (Li) batteries, and lithium batteries, then there is no memory effect problems. If we still wait for all the words run out of power but will then charge the internal lithium battery makes the reaction of chemical substances can not reduce life expectancy.。 This is the message received from manufacturers, have themselves tested and ...


2, when the phone is charging, do not answer the phone!!. .


　　Because mobile phones in charge, call answering is potentially dangerous. India is a 31 year old business manager of young people serve on the insurance company, a dozen days in advance of mobile phone chargers when answering the phone, and after a few seconds after lots of current mobile phone, the young man was dropped to the ground, his family discovered, finger burn, heart weak, and had lost consciousness. After being rushed to the hospital, the doctor declared dead on arrival. Mobile phone is by far one of the most commonly used modern inventions. However, we also need to be alert to equipment in danger of death ...


3, left a cell phone when not to use. .


　　Recipient Man Ge with only one space left when compared to emission intensities should differ by more than 1000 times times ... sth People who often say phone sth Attention Oh sth ^0^, obtained from a National Chiao Tung University Professor yesterday a very important message, that is, when you find only one mobile phone reception strength when rather than hanging up on one side or use public telephones ... never again torrent, mouth-foam Wang fly, thick sweet, Bewitched, endless sth Q: what does? as we all know the phone's electromagnetic wave has been a worrying problem.. Design in areas with poor reception of the mobile phone is still able to retain certain call quality, will strengthen the phone's electromagnetic emission intensity .... . Electromagnetic strength of up to 0. .6 W (watt). .0. Just how strong .6 W? I can not specifically describe it in your head will Shiyao adverse effects, but can be replaced by two examples to compare:. .


　　1) small Horn about 4 centimeters in diameter radio to the Max and then posted on the ears, as the noise energy generally is 0 ... 25W, less than 0.5W ...


2) put their fingers on the output intensity of 0. .1 W of laser light in front (equivalent to a fiber network? D Link energy) within a few seconds you will have the feeling of burning, you can long endure both of these conditions?. .


　　How can you verify that 0.. electromagnetic waves to keep abreast of 6W would have nothing to do in your ears?..


. .


　　4.12593+ telephone number = trap ...


Do you take friends from overseas phone number with 17951 + telephone number stored in the format of this years? Rather than individual call? Then charges will be from 0. .39 Yuan per minute with 1. .3 Yuan per minute. . I had to check their 1860 interpretation is that if stored in the phone number of the years? System will not recognize. It is not possible to obtain tariff concessions, must be on the keyboard each time directly by the 12xxx. Shenzhouxing user so? M-Zone users, GSM is the same.。 12593+ phone number can offer, but if you "12593+ phone numbers" there is a mobile phone, use the time to bring up and call out, China Mobile does not recognize the 12,593 did you use the discount call approach, in accordance with the direct call billing. If you are in roaming, difference between two billing to 7 times as much! when I learned that after charging, I really do not know how to express my anger, and later 10,086 consultation, if not actively ye asked this question, number of 6,608 Miss billing does not tell me..


5, mobile phone charges parasites. .


　　Phone baffling will reset has useless SMS, strongly recommendations members are see about themselves has in the enrollment, most simple method back set monthly stole you phone fee of parasites! China Mobile in 3.. 15 was forced to launched a items new business, if you is China Mobile of phone users, type digital "0000", sent SMS to 10,086, number seconds within will automatically reply a section SMS list, display you of phone Shang what set system has which SMS service, what is which SMS service commercial out with, and dark with monthly deduction you of phone fee; type digital "00000", sent SMS to 186,201, can back set all SMS service..


6. . Do not hurry to scrape together just 1 minute. .


Often when we call will be terminated before 1:00 in order to get lucky, but in fact this is not the case, according to a China Mobile BOSS, in fact, at the time of your call to the 0:55 have the answer for one minute, so 0:55~1:00 calls are actually let you money ~ 2 minutes ...


 7. . A cell phone feed, please remember not to make any keystrokes, especially off (one by any action, the water flow immediately follow the string board), the correct way to immediately open the cover and the battery directly to the win, forcing a direct power, can protect the water board is not invasive. .


　　This knowledge is very important, they convey, so that everyone's cell phones are available for a long time. Learn it! for a rainy day in the future!..


8. . How to make cell phone batteries back to life. .


　　When your cell phone battery life shorter (memory effects or aging), would you buy a battery to replace it? ...





　　1. newspaper batteries wrapped up into a plastic bag wrapped in the refrigerated for three days (newspapers can absorb the excess moisture).


2. . Three days later, two days out at room temperature decentralization. .


　　3. battery charge after two days, fully wrapped into mobile phones tested after full (estimated to save 80%-90%).





　　Is there any effect, anyway, the battery almost useless, and refrigerator for all, you may wish to try it! ...





　　9. give your cell phone to do CPR!..





　　Some doubted whether the phone's life end? ...





　　After removing the battery contacts on the battery with eraser (brass), clean, and then back on the phone,?? Will find that really amazing! it's alive! like new! ...


Really useful, providing you a reference! . .


　　。.





　　Do we often encounter a phone screen has scratches but do not know how to handle situations? ...





　　After packed into right amount of toothpaste on a damp cloth front, back, left back and forth at the screen scratching hard coated ...





　　More amazing things ... after the wipe clean with a clean cloth or tissue paper ... cell phone screen will become brighter ...


Professor of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, said: Principles for the toothpaste it is just brushing the aids, with the friction effect (patch effect). .


　　And the removal of dental plaque, cleaning and polishing teeth, so use a cell phone screen will have the same effect. I've heard people say, the environment does not make us, environment to ourselves and others to show our true character. You choose how to respond to challenges? in the face of adversity, you hang back, still comeback and powerful? one thing is for sure; abandon a valuable goal, you'll never find yourself ...


       each of the safe harbor a ship berthed at the time, was considered able to withstand the storm, but only after he received in the vastness of the ocean waves, we know that his real strength and character. We can stand up and face adversity, you can run away to escape. This is a critical moment in life. .





--Anonymous success is out there, waiting for you to get, but successful treasure around is often filled with failures and setbacks of rough pavement traps. Although the road to success there are frightening. But for those who are energetic, others turn return is still insisting on going people, successful road to remember they opened. We failed, lost, were made after the knockdown, is really important. If we are to be better than ordinary people gain more success, then we must rather than everyday people insist on a more permanent. Go where other people are not willing to, that is where we found the most treasure.. . ".


--Boxer alitairui·fukesi was born in Canada of the province of Manitoba, he and other young is no different. He likes all kinds of sports, together with a friend to the future with hope. Later on, only 18 years old, he was diagnosed with bone cancer, ** cut off his right leg. Tairui lying in a hospital bed time, appreciate the bone cancer in patients with pain, he thinks he has the responsibility to change all that. A magazine published an article about amputees who participate in the New York Marathon competition articles, Terry motivated, he decided to run across Canada to raise $ 1 million for cancer research.. He trained for 15 months, ran for 101 consecutive days, running a total of 3159 miles. In order to run 23 miles a day. Even if exposed his stumps, flow by blood, he also continued to run down. His mother thought he was crazy; When Terry arrived, "The Canadian Cancer Society," explained what is, where people do not believe he will succeed, they let him go to fund-raising, to get the company funding. They think that there will not be Terry Fox news. However, Terry had made up his mind. He found several sponsors, and began the greatest life adventure. He ran 26 miles each day, crossed the ice storms, wind, heat, ran small fish village, city.。 Maybe I was a little bit risky, but I am doing something I like. Dream will be realized, which is worth more to me than anything. How many people do things they believe in? I just want people to know that so long as to do it, is possible whenever you do, your dream will come true. "People are growing enthusiasm, Canada started accepting tairui dreams. Donations flood. People witnessing tairui from the side has run, the curb and wait a few hours; in some cases, when he ran across, and passers-by to a 100 dollar bill stuffed into his hands.. Cancer has moved to his lungs, his body not allow him to run again down. The whole country was shocked, grief, a lot of people even offered to help him finish the course. Just a few months later, Terry died, from his one month shy of 23 birthday. This is a never to be forgotten journey, a death in his journey is still not over. Today, in Canada and around the world through the annual Terry Fox Run held (also known as the "Marathon of Hope") to Terry's name in the world of cancer research funds raised has exceeded 3. .6 Billion.。.


       "Every disaster, every failure, every heartache, carries a seed of equal or greater benefit." - Napoleon Hill (Success Masters) you? You have been setbacks, there have been falls it? Do you have failure? Have you ever despair? Hey, let's face it; of any person, life is not fair. We have had challenges and disappointments. Important for us to stand up. .


Empowering your spirit, God is more powerful than you think. You have everything you need to pass through. Looking for a fight you are faced with difficult people, let him give you strength. Read their book, learn from them and adopt their attitudes. You may never be a creator of history, a world-class athlete, a great inventor. However, if we keep the course, will never bow to fail, then we have access to a certain degree of success ...


Aries: . .


　　Has many advantages, and disadvantages small constellation, Hall on real, down to the kitchen, come to hand to those people. 。.


It is easy to be optimistic about their positive, progressive and just fooled by appearance, but make no mistake, this is not a good kind of constellation, the constellation of people Shuaqi hard to, tell you Zhaojiabuzhu, it is definitely fair and square in appearance, absolutely above board reasons, tell you the pain in my heart hard to open mouth. . .


　　Taurus ...


Frugal tendencies in terms of money, saying that the white point is that petty, like the accounts of their own revenue and expenditure is not well known at all times. . .


　　Reality and prefer mingled, interest is clearly, you want them to do a loss on the sale, no!..


Do not pay attention to dress, usually are more human level to meet the level of appreciation is not how, but the choice of partner down quite a vision. . .


　　A hedonic constellation, particularly with regard to eating, will refuse to take, and want to keep fit sth Well, still forget it. 。.


Gemini . .


　　Volatile, especially idea, never trust anything they tell you things like ideas, plans, and for them, change is always faster than planned. 。.


More than words, and weaker than the line, the lack of ideas into action will be decisive and perseverance. . .


　　Afraid of difficulties, not insist that it's easy to give up something, especially love this thing. 。.


Like the novel, the psychological with pride how many will try to new things, whether or not interested in vanity ah ... ... . .


　　Cancer ...


A sentimental sign, mind is fine and she is well organized and logical, know your strengths and always think their way is the best, like to force others to follow. . .


　　Spread of compassion, and both men and women are "good people indiscriminately", but it is strange and sometimes ruthless level just below your glasses. 。.


The sign that is less a magnanimous, I could not get fit is to lure them is easy, gentle, vulnerable point, the poor little easy to get! . .


　　Leo ...


Strong self-awareness, self-esteem, want to fight them the best way to "hurt him / her proud" to ensure that they will leave this all behind, and you dry on the bristle. "False king," is their best portrayal. . .


　　Self-confidence is usually UCH, but easier to blow their own doubts, continue to prove to others. 。.


This constellation of emotional intelligence not very high, only know how to sprint forward blindly, it is easy for someone else deed goes unpunished. Or the other a fool, thinking of all control, the results being used without realizing it, careful to lose badly. . .


　　Virgo ...


A constellation of mild trivial, often gives the feeling of gentle, but very wordy, especially persistent in small, broken pieces Tao Tao annoying. . .


　　Not much to be aggressive, compared to the fire element of aggressive, seem much more peaceful. Executive power is also good. 。.


To evaluate the use of the word is "mediocre." . .


　　Libra ...


Looks a good sign, how many still have some talent, like all elegant, noble, comfortable things, have liked this kind of life, with particular emphasis on comfort, are worthy of my own. . .


　　In contrast, in order to pursue their own comfort but spared no effort, there is nothing noble faith, do not think that they will not sacrifice you oh. 。.


Man indeed smooth and slick deal beats from around the relationship, smooth treachery, cement maker, plaster work ... ... in short, is laughing all the fault to disappear. . .


　　Scorpio ...


Looks smart, in fact, a constellation of very simple, often because of the appearance of the dark and suffer a lot. . .


　　The strange thing is, this constellation more kind-hearted people, worse than a Capricorn racked their brains, fully lived up to the constellation name. 。.


Like the patient's "Cinderella" type, but bully for them to the extent they can afford, or to counter the. . .


　　Sagittarius ...


Incredibly careless to the point. . .


　　People come to wind, thick skin, and all the time. 。.


If only more but also to send a positive action, but usually not by the brain's action. . .


　　Fire feature clear, confident UCH, and Leo are different, they are type of perseverance, whatever you against them, they will always find a justified claim, explain it to yourself to listen to, and then calmly, again a positive and progressive. 。.


Mind is simple, easy to control, lack of challenge. . .


　　Aquarius ...


The flexibility and sensitivity fickle mind. Very clever but not intelligent, alive an adult "child prodigy." . .


　　Children playing bad characteristics, lawlessness, anyway, to my mind, feeling good naturally good, feeling bad, you kings of Laozi, cool to go. 。.


Capricorn . .


　　This is truly horrible and terrible constellation, goals and purpose are very strong mental high, you must suffer, enough, enough, means hot enough, it was perfect! ...


The only lacking is the fun and emotion, but emotion can not eat this kind of thing, so it does not matter friends. . .


　　PISCES ...


The children never want to grow up, no matter how old, have a "Children's heart." And the difference is that water bottles, water bottles is straightforward, and Pisces is naive. However, the naive innocence of the mask, you still have to see it clearer. After all, the children divided into good and bad thing. . .


　　Than Virgo, he got one point beyond, much nonsense sth Is the journey to the West of the Scriptures, so that people who want to kill them. Oh! ...


Buddha smiled: Love is because of mutual appreciation, which began as heart and fell in love, as inseparable from each other and get married, but more important is the need of tolerance, understanding, work habits and life will adapt. .


　　Stone silence: love is a journey ...


. .


　　Stone asked: in such an era, such a society, a person like me so hard to love a stone asks: I just find a people I love to do my wife? or someone who is looking for a love to my wife? ...


Buddha smiled: The answer lies in the heart of your own. Over the years, make you love a very tough battle, makes you feel full of life, Student Groups allow you to keep moving forward, you love people? Still love you people? . .


　　Stone also laughed: but all my friends advised me to get a girl my wife loves me? ...


Buddha said: True that case, your life will be doomed to mediocrity from this! You used to love the process of constantly pursuing to improve their own. You do not chase a person you love, your self-improvement also slows down the pace. .


　　Stone steering wheel: if I catch up with people I love so? will ...


Buddha said: because she is the person you love, let her live with happiness and joy are you seen as the greatest happiness in life, so you will live a happier life for her and happy and continuous efforts. Being and happiness is not the limit, so your efforts will be no limits, will not stop. .


　　Stone said that my life wouldn't it be hard?..


Buddha said: so many years, do you think you hard? . .


　　Stone shakes his head and laughed ...


. .


　　Stone asked: in that case, so if you want to be kind to those who love me? ...


Buddha shook his head and said: You need to treat the people you love you? . .


　　Stone has a wry smile: I don't think I need to ...


Buddha said: Tell me about your reasons. .


　　Stone says: I on love of requirements more demanding, that is I does not needs here surface inclusion with sympathy inclusion with mercy, I requirements she is from inside of love I of, sympathy mercy tolerance and patient although is a love, despite also will to people brings a species significance Shang of happiness, but it has is I abhor of, if she on I of love inclusion with these, so I prefer she don't ignore I, and or directly refused I of love Italian, in I also before exit to of when, because feelings is only more depression more deep of, despair far than hope to of is some, because despair of pain is Flash of, and hope of pain is is indefinitely of..


Buddha smiled: well, you have to say the answer! . .


　　 。.


Stone asked: why have I loved a girl, she in my eyes is the most beautiful? Now I love a girl, I often find taller than her beautiful girls? . .


　　Q: are you sure you really love her so, in this world that you love her most memorable people? ...


Stone did not hesitate to say: Of course! . .


　　Buddha said: congratulations. Your love for her is a mature, sensible, sincere and deepest ...


Rock a little surprised: Oh? . .


　　Buddha went on to say: she's not the most beautiful in the world, even when you love her, you are well aware of this fact. But you're so in love with her, not just because you love her young and beautiful, known prime of youth perishable, beauty is a fragile good, but you love her more than a superficial thing, also beyond the years. You love her entire people, mainly her unique secret ...


Stone could not help but say: Yes, I really love her purity and goodness, to sympathize with her childish. .


　　The Buddha smiled: any of the test of time for your love is nothing ...


. .


　　Stone asked: why later on, when two people but not before those passions, is more of an interdependent?..


Buddha: it is because your heart will have been subtle changes in order to love, family .... .


　　Rock felt his head: family ties? ...


Buddha went on to say: When the love to a certain degree of time, it will unknowingly into a family, you will gradually her as a part of your life, so you'll have some more tolerance and understanding, but also Only family is God to you from the scheduled beginning of the birth, but also you have no choice, so you do later, only to adapt to your family, no matter how noble you were born, you should not speak to any conditions to accept them, and they are responsible for their good. .


　　Stone thought for a while, said the nod: family that's true ...


Individuals. Is it worth it? . .


　　Buddha said: do you think? ...


Stone thought, speechless. .


　　Buddha remained silent for a while and finally, he opened his mouth: the road, since it is your choice, you cannot blame everyone, you can only with no regrets ...


Stone took a deep breath, a stone that he understands, he saw the eyes of the Buddha with a firm look, no more. .


"Hungry" is said, when people are hungry, appetite is strong. But what if you catch something to eat, eager to feed is very harmful to health, because some of the food is not suitable for consumption on an empty stomach, or else they would bury hidden dangers to your health ...


First, milk, soy milk. .


Both of these foods contain a lot of protein, on an empty stomach to drink, protein will be "forced" to convert heat energy consumed, not to nutritional nourishing effect. Shotgun is correctly along with snacks, cakes and other foods containing flour food, or two hours after a meal and drink, or drink before going to bed can be ...


Second, the yogurt. .


On an empty stomach to drink yogurt, yogurt health functions weaken, drink two hours after a meal or drink before going to bed, nourishing health care, promoting digestion, how exhaust purgative effect ...


Third, the white wine. .


Drinking on an empty stomach will stimulate the gastric mucosa, diseases such as gastritis, gastric ulcer caused by time. In addition, when a person fasting, is low blood sugar, alcohol at this time, the body will soon experience low blood sugar, and brain functional disorders occur due to lack of supply of glucose, dizziness, palpitations, cold sweat and appear hungry, severe hypoglycemia can occur in a coma ...


Fourth, tea. .


Gastric juice diluted tea drinking on an empty stomach can reduce digestive function, also cause "of tea drunk", characterized by mental confusion, dizziness, headache, fatigue, unstable stand ...


V. sugar. .


Sugar is an extremely easy digestion and absorption of food, fasting large amounts of sugar, the body within a short period of time does not secrete enough insulin to maintain normal blood glucose, blood glucose from rising too quickly easily lead to eye disease. Sugar is an acidic foods, fasting sugar destroys the body's acid-base balance and balance of various microorganisms, health ...


VI, persimmon, tomato. .


Contains more pectin, tannic acid, those substances and acid chemical reaction generates difficult to dissolve the gel block formation of gastric stones ...


Seven and bananas. .


Bananas has more magnesium, mg on an empty stomach eating bananas will make the human body from rising too quickly and damage of magnesium and calcium balance in human blood, have an inhibitory effect on cardiovascular, is not conducive to good health ...


VIII, hawthorn, orange. .


Contains a lot of organic acids, acid, citric acid, Hawthorn fruit acid, food on an empty stomach, gastric acid surge of adverse stimuli on the gastric mucosa, stomach, belching, acid water ...


IX garlic. .


Strong spicy garlic contains allicin, on an empty stomach eating garlic, will incur a strongly stimulated gastric mucosa, rectal wall, causing gastro-intestinal cramps, colic ...


Ten, sweet potatoes. .


Whatever, containing tannin and glia, will stimulate the stomach more gastric acid secretion, cause discomfort such as heartburn..


XI, cold drinks. .


Status binge drinking under a variety of frozen food on an empty stomach, stimulate gastrointestinal contractures occur, Hisayuki enzymatic reactions will result in a variety of disorders, gastrointestinal diseases induced by ...


Chronic laryngitis diet. .


Diet therapy of chronic throat inflammation may be supplemented by the following methods:..


1, candied seaweed. .


Taking kelp 300 grams, and sugar amount. Kelp wash, cut, boiling hot bails out, plus the amount of sugar cured 3rd table..


2, honey tea. .


Access to regular tea, honey. Tea with a small gauze bag, and placed in the Cup, with boiling water to make tea, cool with honey mix up after every half an hour, gargle and swallow with this solution, after the effective use of 3rd..


3, sesame oil bowl of soup. .


Take eggs, Sesame-moderation. The eggs into the Cup, add sesame oil mix up, into boiling water for approximately 200 ml drink slowly chenre, on an empty stomach in the morning ...


4, olive tea. .


Take two of olive, green tea 1 g. Take olive nuclear cut in half, and green tea into a Cup, rushed into the stuffy stamped after 5 minutes in boiling water for drinking ...





Get fresh-Lotus, honey and moderation. Twisted fresh Lotus juice 100 ml, with honey and mix thoroughly food and beverage service, and 1 times a day, even taking a few days ...





Get old and mature cucumber, alum intake moderate. Old cucumbers cut top, digging and flesh and squash seeds, filled with alum, is still on the original cover, with bamboo sticks into the prison, tied with rope, hanging in a cool place. A few days later, appeared on a layer of frost, under clean gently sweep the goose Quill, spare mount bottle. Cucumber cream with biguan when you need blow in the throat ...


Watermelon rind tea treatment sore throat. .


When you eat watermelon, Melon rind don't discard. Take Melon rind and 250 grams of joining two large bowl of water, boil to a big bowl, joining a little sweet, cold drinks. Can be cured by the throat inflammation ...


Tongue movement rule sore throat. .


Throat inflammation causing pain and swelling in the throat, and swallow a sense of foreign body in throat itching, dryness, tongue movements can be taken by, and to receive good results. Namely: closed arrived in teeth, and tongue, turning 18, reversing 18 times, and then three times body fluid swallowing, insist on doing one sooner or later ...


Pharyngitis treatment with garlic. .


Patients suffering from chronic sore throat inflammation, try the buccal hygiene garlic head, adhere to a few months, throat inflammation may be the root. Buccal hygiene garlic best picked purple leather sole head of garlic. Initially spicy burst into a flood of tears, oral mucosal pain with time when sick, and do not bite the appearance of the garlic head is smooth. Adapted to the edge with bite edge again at a later time. This method for a toothache, hoarseness, and other oral problems also have effects ...





Massage: after getting up early every day, on the left Palm coated drops 3-4 drops of essential balm, massage (clockwise) throat parts of 20-30 times. After 2-3 months, illness can be substantially improved, after one year of basic rehabilitation ...


Walnut treatment sore throat. .


Take 10 walnut, hard shell instead of going to the clothing, sooner or later the two suits. 15 days for a course. Walnut has anti-inflammatory effect, lungs, phlegm, cough etc. Treatable diseases such as pain and swelling in the throat, coughing ...


Points to note with chronic pharyngitis. .


1 life habits ...


. .


2 eating habits ...





3 environmental factors ...


With the development of industrialization, people's production and living environment has changed dramatically, in optimizing the quality of life, but also to the health of human beings is a big negative impact. For patients with chronic laryngitis: Do not open a long stay in air-conditioned room, the bedroom to maintain a constant ventilation; for decorating the new house soon, to try to check the time delay, while the maximum time each day to maintain ventilation to reduce the new home of the chemical gas content; to try to avoid gas or dust content in the chemical environment of the larger work of self-protection in this respect! . .


1. eating something spicy, spicy will be dead, put a little salt into the mouth, and gurgling dip, not spicy at all;..


2. . Teeth yellow, can be chewed after peanut in your mouth and brush your teeth for three minutes, it is effective;. .


3. If there is a small area of skin damage or burns, Scalds, put a small amount of toothpaste on, you can immediately to stop the bleeding and pain;..


4. . Often mounted inside the cup of tea tea leaves ugly stains, wash with toothpaste, very clean;. .


5. face unward point eye slightly open mouth, so that the eye do not blink;..





7. eye a little dust, close your eyes and cough a few, the dust will own;..





9. just when you've finished by mosquito bites, coloured SOAP does not itch;..





11. hair dryer blowing on labels, blows to the rubber trademark, such as heat, it can be easily torn off label; ...





13. vinegar to drink when you burp, upright impact, (there are drinking water with gas. ）。.





15. treatment of cough, especially in a dry cough, before going to bed at night, with pure sesame oil fry an egg, a little more oil and seasonings are not to be placed, chenre ever went to bed, eat for a few days the effect is visible;..





17. chestnut bark stripping, stripped of shell, and then turn it into the microwave oven, take out chenre after rubbing, peel away the;..





19. put walnuts in a steaming pot for ten minutes, out in the cold water and then thrown open, you can take out a complete peach kernels;..


20. . The shrimp into the bowl, add a little salt, food base powder, rub with the clutch soaked with water after a while, then rinse with water then that can make Stir the shrimp is as transparent as crystal, cool and tender and delicious;. .


21. when fried meat, soda water, soaking for a dozen meat small minutes, pour off the water, and tasty, fried up very delicate;..


22. . The residual tea a few days immersed in water, pouring in plant roots, can promote plant growth;. .


23. tea dried residue, onto toilets or drains in the combustion smokes to eliminate odor, repelling mosquitoes fly function; ...





25. If only the surface of half-cooked, as long as the surface to middle and then braised;..


26. . Clever addition to greasy screens: the clothes, the rest of the cigarette smoke on the water together, to be dissolved, and brought clean the windows, window screens, the effect is really good;. .


27. as long as little chalk jewel box is placed in the previous section, you can make jewelry often gloss;..


28. . The table, the bottle marks the surface of the adhesive can be wiped with essential balm;. .


29. inner tyre whenever you go out a small dry battery, skirts with static, skirts above the battery positive pole of the cleaned several times to get rid of static electricity;..


30. . Regardless of where to wear shoes to your feet, you place the foot in the shoes wear a little white wine coated to ensure the feet do not wear;. .


31. hang when adjusting vegetable, if it is necessary to 焯, 焯 cooking water as possible. Dumpling dishes, 焯 good water can be placed in moderation meat, which ensures nutrient, and dumpling filling and tasty soup;..


32. . Summer feet sweat easily, a day with salt water can effectively deal with sweaty feet feet;. .


33. after swimming in the summer sun, can prevent skin injuries and diseases;..


34. . Summer damp mildew prone pillows, pillow exposure often beneficial to health;. .


35. eat seed of red bean porridge, moist and invigorating the spleen, sunstroke prevention wet:..


36. . Anti-insomnia: too much before going to bed less about words, avoid drinking tea, before going to bed not Dayong brain, and feet in hot water and vinegar;. .


37. Lonicera japonica efficacy evacuation of rheumatism, honeysuckle FRY take juice cool and after honey salt regulation solvable hotness;..


38. . Eating fatty foods in the tea can stimulate the autonomic nervous system, promote fat metabolism;. .


39. lack of sleep will become a fool, need to sleep eight hours a day, have a siesta habit may delay aging;..


40. . Hands easily become dry and rough, hand ten minutes with a vinegar soak can be skin;. .


41. summer cleaning mat, with spot the toilet water water cleaning mat, mat to keep refreshing cleansing. Of course, when you wipe the best mat texture, for toilet water infiltrated mat texture slot, so cool and comfortable feeling more durable;..


42. . Breakfast, eat tomatoes, citric acid and other acidic vegetables and fruits, good for Liver;. .


43.. shuangshen antipruritic wash or bath, with a five or six drops in the water toilet water, can play a very good cooler eliminates the fungus, prickly heat antipruritic effect;..


44. . Grapes adjuvant hormonal sleep, eat it help you to sleep;. .


45. summer tomato soup can obtain nourishment and supplemental water, tomato soup should be cooked and cooled drinks, which has a certain amount of lycopene on prostate cancer and the effectiveness of protection of the myocardium, are ideally suited for men; eating acidic materials to brush their teeth at once will harm dental health;..


46. . Because of injury misfortune to scratch the skin, in the wound coated with toothpaste to inflammation, bleeding, and then dressing as a temporary emergency medicine to the most significant effect of drug toothpaste;. .


47. white vinegar spray on a cutting board, placed after half an hour and then wash, not only the sterilization, but odor;..


48. . Yoghurt can be hangover after the upset, yogurt can protect gastric mucosa, slow alcohol absorption, and calcium-rich drink to alleviate irritability are particularly effective;. .


49. shoes foreskin when long musty, use soft cloth dipped in alcohol with water (1:1) solution cleans;..


50. . Headache, dizziness, the toothpaste can be painted in the temple, because the toothpaste contains menthol, clove oil can be pain;. .


51. candle frozen after 24 hours, and then plug it to the birthday cake, light does not shed a candle oil;..


52. . Yellowing white clothes washed easily, it is desirable pot of water, dripping on the two or three drops of blue ink, washed the clothes will be soaked in a quarter of an hour, do not wring dry, to put the sun, to white and clean; . .


53. excessive consumption of bulb would stimulate oral bowel, adverse health, it is best to add a little vinegar and edible;..


54. . Timely replenishment of water but should not drink fruit juice, cola, Sprite, soft drinks and other beverages containing more saccharin and electrolytes, drink will stimulate gastrointestinal adverse affect digestion and appetite. So the summer should drink boiled water or light salt (sugar) water;. .


55. friction face for a few minutes every morning with tofu, adhere to one month, face can become quite moist;..


56. . Indoor air temperature should not exceed five degrees, even if the weather is hot again, and it is not air-conditioned room temperature to 24 degrees below;. .


57. adding enzyme detergent in warm water decomposition takes a long time to make the laundry in better;..


58. . Summer, human activity time longer, sweating, excessive energy consumption, should be more appropriate to eat chicken, duck, lean meat, fish, eggs and other nutritious food to meet the body's metabolic needs;. .


59. Headache attributed to Apple when ground into mud-like coating on the gauze, stick head pain, symptoms can relieve;..


60. . Purses are stained, you can wipe with cotton dipped in essential balm. .


In the history of mountaineering in the world, "climbing the Emperor" meisinaer has created an unprecedented feat. He was boarding all 14 peaks over 8,000 metres. Worth mentioning is that he is the only true single, not carrying oxygen equipment, climbing Mount Everest people later in the monsoon ...


Outsider, Messner every climbing, are potentially dangerous, "Siwangzhilv." Height of 8,000 meters above sea level on the physiology of the human disorder will occur, continue to climb, most ordinary climbers died because of the thin air. It is incredible that Messner without the aid of any device, put those mysterious, treacherous peak in the world, easily trampled underfoot. .


　　Prior to meisinaer, the boarding of peak people, without exception, carries a set of demanding climbing ropes and oxygen cylinders, and gradually establish a high camp, with many buoyant local guide. But in meisinaer mountain climbing career, he relies on only their own. From here, without doubt, meisinaer why is able to rely on just their own? ...


Messner and his climbing way, so that climbers were fascinated. Messner is not alone prodigiously? Dr Osvaldo o Olds Swiss test that: "Compared with the general climber, Messner physiological functions, there is no extraordinary place.". .


　　Millions of people search meisinaer secrets of success from a different perspective. Final also is meisinaer themselves opened has mystery: meisinaer of secret is--from low began, General of mountaineering who, target selected zhihou, to save physical, will select take helicopter aircraft arrived in mountain Qian of last a small town, into and defeated of key precisely this, directly take helicopter aircraft arrived in base camp for body of regulation is adverse of, this appears to direct access to the purpose of way, ignored has body function and environment break-in of opportunity,..


In contrast, Messner adhere to the base camp on foot, began to adjust from the lower body, regulation of breathing rhythm to respond to changes in air density. Selected as the starting point of the lower, Messner is a unique experience and wisdom. From low at the beginning, is an essential part of climbing. Attention, or ignored, will become Gongbaichuicheng the promoter or bottlenecks. .


　　Starting from low, not just rule and, more importantly, is a State of mind ...


I heard it is piled up in history. So I have an idea, to the last dynasty to each get a gift for today. Yes, for a gift, not greedy. Many people do not like history, mainly because they feel that the past history there are many things that make them unhappy. I can not make them happy together, but I prefer the attitude of Qian Mu: With warmth. .


　　Summer: traditional Chinese lunar calendar ...


Now is the Spring Festival. I think that people should be grateful for the summer. We were certainly not the summer for the New Year, but that could keep up together over the National Day or Christmas, holidays are bound to be days of national corruption. .


　　We now use the lunar calendar was enacted by the people, but this does not mean that we will be in time for the Spring Festival of the Spring Festival. In fact one has the Yin Ren Yin lunar calendar, lunar calendar of the week who also own people, they seem to be a little impatient, Yin people equivalent of a traditional Chinese Lunar Calendar December to catch the Spring Festival, Zhou people simply advance to November. The spring and Autumn period in eight years of public speaking "???? no ice" is when specific meteorological records, people can't help but wonder: Lunar ???? not icing was normal, there is nothing to be surprised? of the spring and Autumn period is weekly, February equivalent to the traditional Chinese lunar calendar in December, the study examined the murmuring of the river of the North.. This indicates a problem, the Spring and Autumn period, the lunar calendar calendar weekly calendar Yin have people use, so there is controversy over the first month which count the first month. .


　　Now, it seems, perhaps one or two months in advance for the Spring Festival are does not matter, but in ancient times was called. One is its arrangement involving farming, one involving dynasty ruled the legitimacy of, is the so-called "new" issues. These are two big problems. Then summer, Herder, week does not exist, this "new" and finally determined by the Emperor, he chose the traditional Chinese lunar calendar. And then, despite the occasional short restoration, such as Wang Mang of the Zhou, who restored the week, but for the traditional Chinese lunar calendar has always insisted on using ...


This is the summer and people gave us gifts. .


　　Yin: Oracle ...


Oracle is the first mature text, so the people of Yin of the gift is not bad. Oracle is up to the beginning, but only found the previous one did not know, seems a bit too "new" a little. Moreover, there is still half-written Oracle Mongolian calligraphers everywhere thing, I really do not see how the United States to. .


　　。.


I hope to find a gift of ancient and modern throughout, but it seems a bit like the Zhou Dynasty was the Spaniards to America, death-defying all traces of the vanquished and destroyed or covered. This is not nonsense, it is the Yin Dynasty descendants of Confucius, but confessed: I do not know of Yin Li, Song deficiency syndrome (the effect). In other words, Zhou has done in the cultural coverage is very thorough. .


　　。.


There are so-called "personnel-day week, Yin staff ghost" was a great set of people of Yin Zhuangshennonggui. Lenovo has always been popular among the people worship the spirits do not know that there are no side effects Yin Dynasty. However, since the evidence is not conclusive, I am afraid it can not be considered a gift to us people of Yin. In short, the surface to be almost Yin staff. .


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　　。.


Zhou gave us the gift of "Chinese" this concept is not blood relations, but a cultural sense. What they mean is, accept our Chinese culture is the Chinese people. Confucius's statement is: Yi Ruxia for the summer, Xia Ruyi as barbarians. .


　　。.


This quite remarkable mind, look at world history, probably only Americans today difference may be near men, not to mention Americans do not just give you a green card. He can only do so, accept my concept of human rights and democracy the United States, is my good friend the United States, Men do not hit you. .


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The interest we have to eat today. .


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Qin: Unity. .


　　。.


I often think, if never heard of Cantonese, I would think it is also difficult to understand than the Korean language. In fact, if listen to the Korean pronunciation of many words told us about. .


　　。.


The reason why foreigners do not become a Cantonese, Cantonese, why not become a foreign language (if and when foreign language to learn, but also may not be eager to learn), to look for the old stalk, for fear had to thank the Emperor. Terracotta provides a country must use the same words over and then said, "birds", also jumped to the not sorghum. Another one is, in fact, from the physical and genetic point of view, differences between North and South Han is large enough, nor insist can not be divided into two nations, but finally did score, which is "book with the text" credit. .


　　。.


Unity with the text of the book is just one aspect. The main meaning of the unified, the whole area of Chinese culture must be subordinated to a top leadership. Although Qin II died, two thousand years this belief has become the mainstream of the Chinese people deeply ideological bone marrow. Politicians said that the "insurgent two Li, Wang Yeh is not breeding ground", the people said, "saying that the world trend, long period of division together, together for a long time to divide." To get the legal status of rulers, their responsibility must be to unify China, even if not the strength, but also engage in military exercises to make it look out. .


　　。.


Therefore, the Taiwan problem is not just a territorial issue, it is more political legitimacy. .


　　。.


Han: Han. .


　　。.


We formed the main body of the Han in the Han Dynasty, it is called the Han. .


　　。.


Chinese Zhou Dynasty (Xia, China) is the concept of culture, it is inevitable loose, had been seen as the Chinese people, will not run out if the Chinese people. According to this understanding, is not qualified to go abroad and then claim to most of the Chinese people. A real close relationship between the population, the need to maintain mutual ties of blood, the Han dynasty to complete the job. Later mixed, but the color is not changed. .


　　。.


To determine the national subject, the state also will establish the concept of nature. People used to have the concept of state is less, the Spring and Autumn the net is such a thing. Qu Yuan's patriotism, patriotism can only be regarded as reactionary, as he was with the large gap between the mainstream ideology. To the Han, for their lives on the very particular about who, and Guang antiquity of this family has, so he was the grandson of Li Ling went to the Huns, when the poor also were destroyed the door. In contrast, Su Wu archaic that no die-hard activists, pour into a model for everyone to admire the patriotism. There is often quoted Chen Tang-line military governor angry youth of the shouted "I am strongly committed Han who, although far must punish" are, indeed, patriotism. .


　　。.


Han Chinese, Chinese characters, finished ... ... the traitors, all with "Han", and most can be said to have left us the gift of the Han Dynasty. Of course, the Han Dynasty itself, it is the most powerful and most proud of the Han dynasty. Tang also strong future, but Lee has barbarian origin, is the barbarian altogether Qing Yuan, Song Zhaoming towards'd pure Han Chinese, but most only give lessons in the negotiations of the. .


　　。.


Jin: intellectuals. .


　　。.


Before talking about the intellectuals, first tell two stories. Two brothers before execution Western Jin Lu, emotion, and said: never heard of the Hua Ting dicey. Kang said that before the provisional sentence: Unfortunately Guanglingsan from the break. .


　　。.


In contrast, Qin Li Si cut before the son said: Unfortunately, the future can no longer be led out of the East Gate of the Yellow Dog. .


　　。.


Are very demanding people, but the realm of death is a big difference. Jin is very elegant, not take yourself too high, others just east gate of the Qin Huang dogs. .


　　。.


Take yourself too high, it is because they enjoy themselves, their life of their own identity with a strong aesthetic sense. And this aesthetic sense, but also from the awareness of independent personality, in the earlier intellectuals seems rarely seen. Intellectuals from the "Bachelor", who itself is a dependent class; even talking about the ideal is rarely out of home and country Righteousness Distinction, in short, is a tool of intellectuals is to be useful. Mencius said, to keep righteousness, but also independent of personal feelings, just to go to achieve benevolent. .


　　。.


Wei, intellectuals, particularly concerned about the personal feelings, finally has the independent intellectual personality, or a subjective consciousness. It later had a tremendous intellectual influence, has not changed. .


　　。.


Wei and Jin said, it seems that the mainstream notion that due to the political darkness. But the problem is not on behalf of political darkness is there, why do people only Wei "grace"? I think mainly because it was declining fortunes, and even the danger of national subjugation and death of species, this is indeed an unprecedented situation in China, the intellectuals can neither force can only save the nation from the culture, and strive to make a fellow look to the Chinese people. Looks fancy dress, and there is trying to gain a deeper understanding of themselves through the cultivation of aesthetic consciousness to find themselves. .


　　。.


They largely succeeded, and since has become the representative of the Chinese people or the benchmark. Speaking of benchmarks, Wei previous intellectuals might think he is, but in fact is not, the earlier benchmark is the "officials" to officials as a teacher, the ruler of the civilized people feel that a more effective compliance. .


　　。.


Intellectuals need to "self", but if we simply do according to Confucius, the set will inevitably live in poverty and even unreasonable, and only supplemented by Wei cultured aesthetic sense, we can complement each other. .


　　。.


Sui: the Grand Canal. .


　　。.


Too short-lived Sui Dynasty, in addition to the Grand Canal, is basically inadequate. But the gift seemed fresh enough, because the water transport by sea change since the late Qing Dynasty, the Grand Canal is no longer the main artery of national economy. .


　　Don: poetry ...


. .


　　Left us with a lot of things of the Tang dynasty, Tang was mainly national power prosperity, to break wide inspires us to carry on with big dreams. But one thing you should note that open side military commanders of the Tang dynasty, most of the Northern barbarian tribes in ancient China. Therefore, if we trust the people's Liberation Army to the entry for the command, sing sing "dream goes back to the Tang dynasty" may also wish to ...


. .


　　Tang Tang who gave us the greatest gift is. Would like to think of it, which is not illiterate Chinese cannot recite some Tang? even to this day, many children of enlightenment is the beginning of Tang dynasty: spring sleep teenages and moon light, grasses on the original before bed ....


. .


　　Something that is deeply permeating our veins, which we often can't remember it's age and background, and feel that it is alive is the. Ancient things, to achieve this effect, in addition to the concept of everything, that is, Tang ...


. .


　　Was able to achieve such an effect, rests entirely with the Tang of the personality charm, talent, insight without much. I said in my heart, with no tortuous, bright of the Tang dynasty, fascinating ...


. .


　　Song: secular life ...


. .


　　The truth, before the song, we do not know much about how people are living. No matter how great the history, if you have this feeling that more than a little regret, because you will find "it doesn't matter to me". Yes, we are just ordinary people, and not always are interested in war massacre court politics instructions ...


. .


　　But the song is not the same. Even if you are not a scholar, you don't have to read the vigour of my memories describes the daily life of the song notes, from the water margin, you can understand how the robbers still drinking and eating meat, from the Jin Ping Mei, learn how city Beijing swindle flirting, from the Riverside River map understanding at that time on the street market. You can't help but think: how big they tell me there is no different. Yan Fu once said China today, for the song created by eight or nine. Yan Fu is large speaking, has blamed the meaning at work. But from the standpoint of secular life, Yan Fu is still on.. .


　　。.


It was also said that Song is "Chinese Renaissance." I think this view makes sense. The essence of the Renaissance, that is, the lives of people through the Master, and now no doubt that we have been very well aware how the life of the Song Dynasty. Although the country situation unbearable, but people still live a wonderful, well-developed civic culture as the formation of effective communication, so that we can taste that, under the Millennium happy. .


　　。.


Element: province. .


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Yuan's greatest contribution lies in its administrative system in the original: province. .


　　。.


Province, was originally the name of the government offices. Yuan Dynasty to Central Secretariat of the Central Government, but also in various quarters over the executive secretariat is divided into (slightly equal to the Central Secretariat offices or the Central Secretariat administrative office), referred to as provinces. Province later became the official name of the administrative regions, called provinces. (This copied from Wang Li, "knowledge of ancient Chinese culture"). .


　　。.


Changing administrative divisions in ancient China, there are state, county, country, road, roads, etc., some administrative units, some tax units, such as the Song of the "road" has roughly the same size of the province today. Today, the province, but it is inherited from the Yuan Dynasty from province. Today's point of view, there is a change when the county level, while at the provincial level as a basic pillar of the national administration, their status remains unshakeable. .


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Some people say that Ming is the worst in history. Although I do not know what he said right, but from the Ming Dynasty showed not find a decent gift today, perhaps he is right now. .


　　。.


Of course, the Northwest Passage ended up are Westerners open up, but it requires a two-year period, ships up to half of the freeze, ice has moved on to open for the coming year, you may also need icebreaker to help, so very little economic value can be said to be ...


. .


　　Qing: territory..





　　The Qing dynasty was we had enough of words, but one thing I think we all know that without the Qing dynasty, may not require powers ' invasion, and today we have to run out in Jiayuguan, Shanhaiguan visa ...


. .


　　Territory of 4 million square kilometers of the Ming dynasty, Qing-Sheng reaching 13 million square kilometers, a difference of more than three times. Even in the late Qing dynasty defeated, 9.6 million so far, is anti-Qing Han regime of Patriots who aspire to restore nearly twice and a half times ...





　　。.


Chinese people has always been the case, where the farmers own the past, this is basically to occupy a place; farmers can not, will certainly have lost. Look at those places where the Qing lost, how many farmers can successfully move to where? Early Qing Dynasty, figured out the truth, so the farmers off the land of the Manchurian Longxing open, so this place to finally Modiu. .


　　。.


. .


　　Therefore, when we studied the Chinese map it, preferably on deposit in the Qing dynasty in the heart of gratitude, but also greatly appreciated ...


The force of habit is staggering. Used to carrying your success, you can also laden with slide failure. How to choose depends entirely on your own. . .


　　1. force of habit: develop good habits before age 35 ...


Do you want to succeed? That early training is conducive to the success of good habits.  . .


　　Force of habit is amazing, before the age of 35 habit of determines your success. 。.


There is such a fable: . .


　　Who has no heir after the death of the rich give yourself a large inheritance to one of distant relatives, relatives living by begging the beggar is a perennial. This accepts beggars on the heritage of the immediate value of a variable, and became a millionaire. Journalists to interview this lucky beggar: "after you have inherited the legacy, the first thing you want to do what?" the beggar said: "I want to buy a good Bowl and a sturdy stick, so that when I go out begging for some. "。.


Visible, used to have a great impact on our, because it is consistent, and often, long years to influence our behavior, influence our efficiency, so our success or failure. . .


　　One day, only about 5% is a non-habitual, and the rest of the 95% behavior is habitual. Even breaking innovation, can eventually evolved into a habit of innovation. 。.


According to the findings of behavioral psychology: repeat more than 3 weeks to form habits; more than 3 months to form a stable habit of repeating, that the same action, repeated 3 weeks it will become second nature to form a stable habits. . .


　　Aristotle said, "people's behaviour is repeated. Thus, excellence is not a single act but a habit. "。.


"Human behavior is always repeated. Therefore, the superior is not a single act, but a habit." So, in the process of achieving success, in addition to constantly stimulate their desire to succeed, there must be confidence, enthusiasm, a will, perseverance, etc., but also that success should be used to catch the express train to achieve their goals. . .


　　There was a zoologist did an experiment: he put a flea in the experiment using a large number of glass, covered with a transparent glass above. Love jumping flea habit, so many fleas have hit a cover glass, continually bites biting winter winter sound. After a while, zoologists glass away, found still beating all fleas, jump height has been keeping close to the glass while stocks last, to avoid a hit. Result is not a flea can jump out--according to their ability to not jump out, but they have been adapted to the environment ...


. .


　　Subsequently, the zoologist in measuring cup down a spirit lamp and ignite a fire. Less than five minutes and measuring cup heated all fleas naturally play a survival instinct, every flea regardless of whether the head will hit the pain any more (because they still have glass cover), all of which have jumped away from measuring cups. The experiments proved that the fleas are adapting to the environment, are reluctant to change habits, preferring to reduce potential, closed to adapt. 。.


I think the human in the environment as well. Humans adapt to the environment of, for creating their own little environment, and then used to create their own trapped in his own environment. Therefore, the activities you used to determine the size of the space, but also determines your success or failure. To form good habits is very important for your success. . .


　　Psychology masters weilian·zhanmushi said: "sow an action, and you reap a habit; sow a habit, reap a character; sow a character, and you reap a destiny. "。.


2. .35 Success before the age of 9 essential habits . .


　　Good habits so that success is not a move. I think 9 is a good habit to succeed:..


(1) positive thinking habit . .


　　A scholar's third Beijing imperial examinations, lived in a regular shop. Two days before the examination he made three dreams: the first dream is a dream to own kinds of cabbage on the wall, the second dream is a rainy day, he wore hats with an umbrella, the third cousin of a dream is a dream with love stripped lie down together, but the back against the back. Clinical study done on the occasion of this dream, seems to be some deep, dream of taking the next day to find a fortune teller. Fortune teller, continuous shooting thighs says: "you're home.. Shop owner is very odd, and asked: "Not until tomorrow exam? Today how to go home is it?" Scholar says such and such a lot, shop owner laughed: "Well, I will explain it. I would think , you're going to the comprehensive examinations. you think the wall is not high vegetable species? wearing umbrella hats not double insurance? with your cousin back to back in bed naked, not saying you should stand up when to it? "a scholar, more reasonable, so spirits to take the exam, but still third overall in the months. . .


　　See, the thing itself does not affect people, people under the influence of his views on things, people have to change the passive habits of thinking, develop positive thinking habits. 。.


How should develop a positive thinking habit? When you are in the process of achieving goals in the face of specific work and tasks, your brain removed the "impossible" in the name and replaced by "How can I", you can say that you develop positive thinking habits. . .


　　(2) efficient work good habits ...


One strong desire to succeed, then, would be detrimental to the success of the pieces used, and integration into the mediocrity of daily life. So, of decision behavior, behavior form habits, habits decide character, character determines destiny. You want to succeed, we must develop efficient work habits. . .


　　Determine if efficiency of your work habits, whether it is conducive to success, I find this standard can be used to test: at the time of checking their own work, do you worry for the unfinished work, that is, there is a sense of anxiety. If you should do and not do, or do not finish, and often feel anxious for that purpose, it proves that you need to change your work habits, locate and develop an efficient work habits ...


Start from the office to work efficiently: . .


　　1) know your energy every day. Usually people at around 9 o'clock in the morning to highest efficiency, can be done by this time the most difficult tasks. 。.


2) The day focused on one or two hours to process urgent work at hand, do not answer the phone, no meeting undisturbed. This can do more with less. . .


　　3) reply to important messages at once, is not important to drop. If any of them accumulated heap, but more time consuming. 。.


4) to be a list of tasks, all of the projects and the efficiency of the manual written in the agreement. Manual must be on hand to help with the efficiency of their own according to plan. The behavior of one person a day, about only 5% were non-habitual, while the remaining 95% of the behavior is habitual. .


　　5) learn how to efficiently use fragmented time, doing some thing or idea to a file, do not idle or daydreaming. 。.


6) reduction of call back time. If you only need to pass a message may wish to send a SMS. . .


　　7) may call from a phone be aware of, so you get the desired phone can quickly find the materials you need, you don't have to. 。.


8) Learn the skills to search the Internet efficiently to save time online searching. You often have to be collected in order to browse the site at any time to find. . .


　　9) with the Internet simplifies business travel arrangements. Most of the hotels and flights online and subscriptions. 。.


10) can appoint someone else as long as circumstances permit sharing of work. Hands-on will make them tired, but never finish. May wish to ask my colleagues to help, or assistant to put more efforts. . .


　　11) flexible schedule, when you need it you can snatch a moment of leisure in the busy. For example, in overtime at noon, and left an hour out of the Office early, or 10 hours a day, and then to the appointment, the doctor on Friday. 。.


12) before leaving the office listed in the inventory of the work the next day, so the next morning case, we can go all out. .


Plan for everything ...


Program used to equal its success. . .


　　Everything a man named John Goddard Americans plan, sometimes when he was 15 years old, gave his life to do column a list called "life list". Arranged in this order list, he gave himself to be tackled by 127 targets. For example, the exploration of the Nile, climbing the Himalayas, reading Shakespeare's works and writing a book, and so on. 44 years later, his extraordinary courage and superhuman willpower, and fate in the hard struggle, finally according to the plan, step by step implementation 106 goals, to become a successful film producer, writer and public speaker. 。.


An old Chinese saying: "Eat not poor, drink is not poor, do not plan to be poor." Own goals as much as possible, there are plans to do things, which can improve efficiency, fast implementation goals. . .


　　(3) develop good exercise habits ...


Enhance health awareness . .


　　Planning habits, it means success. If you want to do something, you have to have a healthy body, and to think healthy, first health awareness ...


I know a university teacher, the body has been very healthy. Earlier, we often play together. Turning to the physical condition of each, he said, occasionally a slight kidney discomfort. We persuaded him to the hospital to check, but he counting on good health and did not mind. Until then feel more pain, the love of talent forced him to check. Diagnosis was of advanced kidney cancer. Despite chemotherapy, surgery and other treatment measures, but was unable to save the life and death only 39 years old. Earlier, His license school housing allocation, professional title unsatisfactory, the mood has been depressed, his illness and the emotions, but if his health conscious, as soon as possible to check, can completely prevent, eliminate risk in not sprout.。 。.





▲ Systematic exercise ...





　　Because the work needed, I often deal with customers and deal with unexpected things rushing around, which in part to the role of exercise, at the same time, I also stick to swimming one or two times a week, in order to ensure a sufficient supply of energy to work, to enjoy life. 。.





　　In addition to the above two points, pay attention to diet, rational diet, and pay attention to develop good health habits and so on, is part of a healthy habits. 。.





　　(4) the good habit of constantly learning ...


"All things are beneath contempt, only high school" era is over, but to cultivate the good habit of reading will never be out of date. . .


　　Hali·dulumen is the United States of famous Presidents in history. He didn't read University farm, a Draper's later management, experienced many failures, while when he eventually served as Government duties, has over five years. But he has a good habit, is constantly reading. Years of reading, Truman's knowledge is vast. He has to read a volume and a volume of the Britannica, together with all Charles · Dickens and Victor · Victor Hugo's novel. In addition, he also read all of the drama William Shakespeare sonnet and 14, and so on. 。.





　　His credo is: "not all scholars are a leader, but every leader must be a student. "。.





　　Every winner is a good reading habits of the people. CEO of the world's 500 largest companies at least a week to read information about 30 magazines or books a month you can read more than 100 magazine, read more than 1000 a year. 。.


。.





(5) the modest good practice ...





　　Famous scientist Faraday in his later years, national preparedness grants him a Peerage, in recognition of his outstanding contributions in physics, chemistry, but he refused. Faraday after retirement, is still often go to the labs do some chores. One day, a young man to laboratory experiments. He was sweeping the Faraday says: "the work, they must give you money?" the old man smiled and said: "a little more, I need it. "" What's your name? old man? "," maikeer·FA obtaining transmittedelectronimage using. "Old lightly replied. Young people scream, "Oh, my God! you are the greatest Faraday!", "no", Faraday to correct said, "I was a mediocre Faraday. ".





。.





　　Any one of the winners have had remarkable restraint. 。.





　　Zhuge Liang is well aware of Sima Yi tactics to silence an interest, sent troops to asking for a fight in the city several times in an attempt to provoke Wei Bing, luring Sima Yi city battle, but Sima Yi wait. Zhuge Liang then egg ... on sending people to come to Sima Yi women clothes, and compile a book says: "not dare to face the Jones Lang LaSalle, what's the difference with women. If you are a man of shame, they went out and the Shu army at war, if not, you will put on this woman's dress. "。.





　　A several-month stalemate, Zhuge Liang was saddened by the army, no leader in [among] a host of dragons of the Shu army and quietly retreat, Sima Yi without fighting to win. 。.


Irrepressible emotions, often wounding and Sima Yi can not hurt if the patient had a moment of anger, out of the city fight, then perhaps history will be rewritten. . .


　　In today's society, people face the temptation of more and more, if they lack self-control, led by the nose would be tempted, deviate from the successful track ...


(7) humorous habit . .


　　It is said that man needs a sense of humor, is as important as women need a pretty face. 。.


。 。.


No man of humor is not necessarily backward, but the good humor of the man must be a good person, and good humor is a woman of rare animals. .


　　(8) the good habit of smiling ...





　　The world-renowned Hilton, founder Hilton at the beginning of business, after many years of research, finally found a simple, easy, doesn't cost capital--the secret operation smile. Since then, he asked all employees: whatever difficulties encountered the hotel itself, Hilton Hotel waiter smile on his face is always Sun belonging to the customer. This bundle "sunshine" eventually the Hilton Hotels has won worldwide acclaim. 。.





　　From ancient times to the present, and dedication all successful people is one of the most important qualities ...


(9), dedicated, and enjoy the good habits. .


　　Hard-working people who are eager for success basic requirements of the job, a person who does not work hard to achieve results in the work done by him. 。.





3. before the age of 35 success must kick the 9 major bad habits ...


Bad habits to make a successful step. . .


　　Establish good habits and, in turn, is to overcome bad habits. There ' s no making without breaking, not get rid of bad habits, good habits are difficult to establish. 。.


The ancient Greek Phrygian king who Ge first in a very wonderful way, in the chariot yoke hit a bunch of knot. He predicted: Who can open the knot, to conquer Asia. Until 334 BC, a person can not open the knot. Time. Alexander led his army's invasion of Asia Minor, he came to GE before the end of the first Shisheng do not consider it his sword to cut it. Later, he turned in one fell swoop occupation of Greece, is 50 times more than the Persian Empire. . .


　　A boy mowing in the mountains, accidentally snakebite feet. Child pain, and the hospital on a small town in the distance. Children do not hesitate to use sickle cut injured toe, then put up a giant pain trudge to the hospital. Despite the lack of a toe, but the child brief pain saved his own life. 。.


Get rid of bad habits, they should have the courage of Alexandria to the child should be decisive and courageous, thoroughly bad habits, good habits lead to their success. .


　　Following the 9 major bad habits is that you must quit:..


1) Recurrent late. You go to work or meetings often late? Late is caused by the boss and colleagues, the seeds of resentment, it conveys the message: You are a only consider their own, lack of cooperation of the people. . .


　　2) delays. You finally finished the work, but the clip the wings of makes you seem incompetent. Why can produce delays it? if this is due to the lack of interest, you should think about your career, and if this is due to excessive pursuit of perfection, which will no doubt increase your delay in my work. Social psychology experts say: a lot of people who love delays are very afraid of adventure and there was an error, fear to fail so that they gain. 。.


3) complaining. It is almost common loser label. A person to succeed in the face of setbacks, should calmly face his problems, analyze the causes of failure, and find a breakthrough to solve the problem. . .


　　4) trying to please other people. A truly qualified staff should work within the existing problems to the higher notes and to propose appropriate solutions, instead of just echoing the superior decisions. For managers, there should be strict rewards and punishments, but should not be done, "a yes-man", do so temporarily please the minority, they will lose the support of the majority ...


5) gossip. Everyone comments may be others also to comment on the others, but if someone talked about the rumors about this discussion is best to stop. There is no wall, not to take the air, you spread rumors today, sooner or later will be the parties know, why Quban shooting ourselves in the foot? Therefore, wise beyond the rumors. . .


　　6) others to nitpick, harsh. Everyone that there may be errors in his work. When the work when there is a problem, should help to solve, rather than just nitpicking. Especially in the case of they cannot do, and let their subordinates or others to meet these requirements, it is easy for people to be disgusted. If this situation persists, such companies do not have any credibility. 。.


7) tether. Things have been finalized, but often do change, it will help your subordinates or employees can not start. You make the commitment, if not honored, will lose credibility in front of everyone. Such people is difficult to take a leading role. . .


　　8) insolence. Doing so does not appear you an expert, can cause other people's aversion to the contrary. Because anyone would not tolerate other people look down on themselves. Insolence is difficult to make a good friend. Networking is the veins of wealth, youth develop the habits of people believe it's very hard to succeed. 。.


9) with the flow. People can go with the flow, but not non-assertive. If you habitually go with the flow, then you are likely to form a mindset, not their own minds, or both there, did not dare to express their own opinion, but not strong-minded person will not succeed. .


　　In today's society, life pressures and more. Timely decompression on the mental and physical health are important here are several tips to help you unwind, recharge ...


Enjoy sigh. Find a quiet room (best to let my colleagues, the police, the family dog heard), forced expiratory, and whispered sigh, sigh, cry or even enjoy! You will feel whole person "easy" a lot. .


　　Write Thanksgiving cards. Took out a piece of paper and ask yourself, "what happened in my life worth Thanksgiving?" 5 things you write down what you think of. You can be thankful for new tires, a faithful dog, has not been opened parking ticket last night, and so on. This exercise can be started immediately "positive psychology.".


Clean up debris. Sorting tables, files (including computer backup), cabinets, or cleaning the yard of weeds; bring satisfaction to help relieve stress. .


　　Listen to the music. If necessary you can climb to the under the table, put on his headset, play your favorite songs--pick a song to cheer the mood or the quiet and beautiful music. Do not know what to listen to? recently, 50 contemporary composers were invited to vote for favorite three English song. Selected by the beach boys (TheBeachBoys) of the GodOnlyKnows, the StrawberryFieldsForever, the Beatles, Lydia? BILLY HOLIDAY (BillieHoliday) of the StrangeFruit..


Take a deep breath. Some essential oils are highly soothing. May wish to prepare a bottle of lavender, sandalwood or chamomile essential oil, if necessary, to smell. Or a few drops on a handkerchief, carry, will help reduce stress. 1. . Biggest regret in life than to persist in the error that should not insist, should not give up easily give up. .


2. new morning call----living so long sleep, death will rest ...


3. . Make you tired is not the distant mountains, but the shoes inside a grain of sand. .


4. sometimes canteen queued in large meals maximum comfort when not in front of fewer and fewer people but more and more people behind ...


5. . Wind direction is more suitable for flying. I am not afraid of people stop, I'm afraid his surrender. .


6. people it is best not to miss out on two things, last bus and a man who loved you..


7. . If you see the shadow in front, do not be afraid, it is because the sun behind you. .


8. before Zhuge Liang's mountains, nor a soldier! I'll experience? ...


9. . Off-line people who never know how long she waited. .


10. fate is responsible for the shuffle, but playing cards are our own! ...


11. . Ask the world what love is, but one thing a thing down! . .


12. we go too fast, the soul could not keep up with ...


13. . You see me hit the words on the screen, but can not see my tears fell on the keyboard. .


14. a long, long time ago, truth and lies beside the River bath, lie before washing, wearing real clothes away, lies true but refused to wear clothes. Later, in the eyes of people, only wearing real clothes lie, but it is hard to accept blatant truth ...


15. . Love makes you see the world through a man, bad love makes you abandon the world for one person. .


16. loving someone is dialing a telephone conversation, suddenly did not know what to say, just wanted to hear the familiar sounds, really want to toggle is deep in the heart of the same string..


17. . Fault is temporary regret, regret is forever missed! . .


18. in this world the most tiring thing, than to watch your own heart, and glue it up yourself ...


19. . The above is a Master degree, master followed, PhD and there are post-doctoral, postdoctoral that behind it? If you're brave enough to read for two years and that is brave, strong man read 5 years, 7 years read a martyr, martyr to? The Ministry of Education will launch a holy warrior, reading over 2 years is bronze, silver 5 years, 7 years is gold. After graduation the girls are willing to read up, organic Examination out of Athena! ! ! . .


20. also impulses, that means you have passion for life, always impulses, you still don't know how to live. The Opera was born in Italy. About 1575 Florence, dominated by a small group of nobles, poets and composers of writers, scholars and often discusses the music aspect of the party. The group known as the "Camerata", whose members include Wen Senzuo ·-gamma in black, he is the father of the famous astronomer ...


Cameron Latta tried to imitate ancient Greek tragedy music to create a new singing style. However, no actual ancient Greek drama, music handed down, so they are mainly based on the preservation of literature to create a singing style of this new theory. It is described in the literature, the ancient Greek drama is always in a style of singing throughout the melody and the dialogue between and throughout. Cameron Latta tried to imitate the singing rhythm and tone of language, therefore this new singing style is known as recitative. Usually a solo singer in a simple accompaniment of singing the main chords, and melody as the background texture.。.


Perry and Kaqi Ni composition, Linu Puccini for script "Yuri Dixi" is the first opera to be preserved intact. The opera is to celebrate the French King Henry IV and the Medici Grand Duke's niece, Maria ? Medici's wedding to make, staged in Florence in 1600. Seven years later, Monteverdi created the "Orfeo" (the first great opera) of the Gonzaga family in Mantua house staged. This is the story of two operas are based on ancient Greek myth about Orpheus, Orpheus to the underworld plot to find his beloved wife, Yuri Dixi. .


Many baroque operas are made for the occasion marking the Court, in this occasion, the Opera is a luxury and spectacular shows. Opera theme comes from Greece mythology and ancient history, not only because the noble patrons of Baroque Opera on the ancient Greece and ancient Roman civilization has infinite longing, originated from, and they want to feel these legends and figures in the history of heroes and gods, combines them with your own. Thus, reflecting both composers of Baroque Opera impulse of, is a way to please the nobility.. .


In 1637, the first Opera House in Venice opened to the public, everyone who bought tickets for spectators will be able to watch the Opera. In 1637-1700, only a city of Venice was established 17 public Opera House, which also appeared in Italy in other cities, it speaks, is how the right time and place of birth of Opera. The early 18th century, Germany Hamburg, Leipzig, and the United Kingdom has established the public Opera House in London, but overall, the public Opera House in other countries than Italy experienced a longer development time ...


Venice Opera attracts many tourists. A British traveler in the 1645's travelogue mentions his feelings when watching the opera and the situation: "The design and drawing different scenes perspective in terms of what can be termed as works of art, there are some props for flying in the sky, or the other wonderful movement; short, watch the opera is that people can participate in the most luxurious and extravagant entertainment one. "Baroque opera stage device is very large, the scene there: God touched down from the cloud or in the air, riding a double- chariot, ship tossed at sea, rocks crack, and so on, and these devices are called works of art for itself.。.


Also marks the birth of Baroque opera singing masters appear. One of the most important to the number of opera singer, a number of surgical castration before puberty did male singer. (Opera singer from the 17th century to the 19th century, very popular in Italy; the castrato singers are usually born in a poor family whose parents want their son to become an opera star in high-income.) Opera singer with a vital capacity of men and women of the range, His sensitivity, breathing control and a unique voice to attract the listener. Castrato singers in all of the musicians is the highest income.。 Today, a number of Baroque Opera is no longer able to carry on the Opera stage, because modern singers do not have ability to complete the difficult part of the Castrato singing ...


In the late Baroque, Aria occupy an important position in the opera stage, only some of recitative interspersed between the concert. The bass recitative accompaniment is usually played by the pass, called a cappella recitative, also known as dry read recitative. However, orgasm and intense emotional drama scenes, with the band will be accompanied recitative, which is called accompanied recitative recitative. .


Arias by composers of the late Baroque endow with a deep musicality, beautiful and smooth melodies to the audience has a strong appeal. When the actor facing the audience, when expressing emotion of the characters, all the plots are halted, voice of the actors have to demonstrate their skills. Typical of the late Baroque Arias for ABA structure, called a da CAPO aria. That is, the comparative paragraph repeated from the beginning in the middle of the first paragraph. However, the repeat often that music cannot match the lyrics, because the singer always used to duplicate a paragraph be impromptu decoration ...


A combination of baroque opera virtuoso, noble and luxury, it is the perfect embodiment of a brilliant era. .


What is the power of music? ...


Greek mythology Aofei Shi (Orpheus) playing the lyre (lyre) extremely wonderful, so grass dance, tame wild animals, mountains moved. To save the beautiful wife gifted Li Disi (Eurydice), he alone into the underworld, all the way to walk all the way to playing and singing, singing long, sway piano, flying in the forest, the echo in the valley, how many sad thought? How many melancholy? Countless souls flocked to go hand in hand, followed step by step, such as the Butterfly in Love, step by step intoxicated. Ferry boatman, guard bulldog, the death of judge, that any omission of duty, have to open his release.。 Eventually, the ruthless Pluto wanghadesi (Hades), and after their Pearl saifunie (Persephone) has been moved, a soft heart, broken commandment, resurrection promised Lai Dees regeneration. This is the power of music ...


Zeus (Zeus) the son of Amphion (Amphion)'s lyre playing, the magic of the extraordinary, rock along with dancing, building into the surrounding Thebes (Thebes) in the walls. Tent, the best in the world Yong 士阿基里斯 (Achilles) Fuqin get happy, peaceful state of mind. Half-man half-bird Sirens (Sirens) voice charming, told of all bad, the intellectual heart of mad chaos, though to no back, life and death, the vast, still one after another, unable to stop. Odyssey (Odysseus) out to sea, come and go between the Sirens way, ordered his men to block their ears with wax, yet tied to the mast on their own, just for a tour of the magical sound of the Sirens.。.


The power of music come from? . .


　　There are, comes from God--create music is God, invented instruments are gods, control of music is God, myth so declare. Music (mousike) Word for goddess art Muse (Muse). Aofeishi the music man, also comes from parents-for God-the father of Apollo (Apollo), the God of music and poetry; parent Cali-Russian p (Calliope), one of the nine muses, officer of epic. Invented the Zisa violin (cithara) of Apollo, but on the lyre bright lights and play yourself, also taught children's aofeishi ...


Ancient Greek myth of the world is full of music, the music is full of ancient Greek social reality. You and me, regardless of music and poetry, music and dance into one muddy, music and drama closely. Whether sporting competitions, bloody war fighting, or a solemn public ceremony, hilarious private banquets, music everywhere, loud music all times. Music Recreation God, the temple of Apollo, Man Wu elegant, graceful lyre, piano, such as thread; musical praise to God, Dionysus's (Dionysus) ceremony, the Song Poetry Lang Lang, passionate Aoluo Si tube (aulos), tube sound ups. Massive music event, held every year, Music Awards, eye, and everyone rushed out.。 Music culture of the public respect, musical accomplishments as a public advocate ...





　　Ancient Greece first, knowing full well that the power of music. Most of them believe in God, but not content to myths and fantasies. So there is a philosophical thoughts, thoughts on music a source of strength, and scientific exploration, explore the power of music ...


。 One or two, three or four that make up the perfect an equilateral triangle, the balance of the universe. Secrets of digital, Pythagoras emotion: tones of the strings contain the geometry, spacing between objects contained in the music. Everything, all created in a number of ratios, differences, and complete. Open hearts, face the truth, harmony between humanity and the universe, it is easy to reach ...


。 Music is the soul of debugging a valid means of prevention of mental disorders, emotional deviations can also be corrected. In short, as a theory of everything, mystery music, is an appropriate proportion, lies in a beautiful harmony ...


Considerable artistic talent of the master of Plato's thought, from the perspective of ontology and epistemology, with the literary language, philosophy of art criticism began. Plato asserts: It is not a sensory perception of the real material, but the idea of rational insight. God created the world as the concept is there (Being) of the world, the eternal world, rational world. In contrast, the material world is to generate (Becoming) of the world, changing world, irrational world. The reality is that the concept of copy, copy art is realistic. Therefore, as copies of copies of art, more deviation from the truth. .


　　Think music influence people's morals and character of "humoral theory" (the doctrine of ethos), a long history, power is endless. Plato's animosity towards the art, but also not overlook the power of art, especially music. In his view, the art of influence, is the weakness of human nature. The mind of man is he is divided into three sections: reason, passions and desires. Rational truth, passions honor-loving, craving lust interest. Logos on behalf of the hearts and minds and logical side of passion and desire to represent non-logical mind and body, irrational side, art is just acting on passions and desires of the people, and therefore influence people's behavior, or even determining one's personality.


　　Dissatisfaction for reality and are unable to change the reality of Plato, in order to achieve their political ideals, inventing a utopia ruled by King of philosophy. Artists, utopia in no way ideal, unless they are fully in line with the country's ideals of art, or escape the exile of bad luck. Utopia arts of strict censorship, contrary to the ideal of art completely cleared. Poetry, only praise Odes of gods and heroes.


　　"Loving teacher" of Aristotle, as his teacher Plato, also believes that art is the imitation of reality, also attention to the moral influence of the arts, and certainly close relationship between music and psychology. However, the "truth" of him, think independently and become an author, from a variety of disciplines visit in logical language, art for vindication for music recovery, set times, led through the trend, as "founder of aesthetics in Europe, father of European literature. ” 。.





　　Compared with that of Plato, and Aristotle's discussion of the impact of music on the spiritual and moral to much more detailed, much more positive. In his view, that is, simple melodies on character and emotion of imitation. Anger and mild, bold and robust, virtues and evils, and the music can be imitated, music in mimic, effects such as true and powerful, the listener emotionally, followed the same. Music mode, and some people sad sadness, and some people's mental infirmity, and some people feeling modest, was enthusiastic. The rhythm of the music or quiet, or violent or vulgar, or noble. Different music, effects on the human personality and emotions is not the same ...


Plato's ideal personality is an autocratic kingdom, sided emphasis on rationality, rationality first, the ruling emotions, desires rule. For Plato, the study of knowledge, for wisdom and grasp the truth that happiness is the truest and most pure happiness, the wise philosopher of life is the most happy life. Aristotle's ideal personality is a democracy, reason, emotion and desire are legal citizens, should enjoy equal rights, are the protection of the law. Aristotle believed that moral education is an important function of art, but not the only or all of the functions, made it clear that music has three benefits: First, education, mental, and second, emotional purification, three is a pleasant life.。 Music gives people joy, affecting human character formation, and therefore, music education for young people is especially important. Pure joy of music, lift people out of religious mystery and express compassion, fear and other emotions, to heal the wounds the soul, purify the soul. Music is the world, one of the most enjoyable thing, and pure pleasure in line with the perfect life purpose ...


。.


Music of ancient Greece with Alexander the Great (Alexander the Great) around the flow of imperial expansion, the flow of a distant land, the flow of strange people, to expand the flow of new play space for the flow of new performance practices. Military conquest of the ancient Greek of the Roman Empire, ancient Greek culture but was conquered. For the development of music, negligible contribution of the Roman Empire, it is commendable that the ancient Romans to accept and spread the ancient Greek music. Jesus Kidnapped in Rome under the rule of the Governor, but was no match for the gods of ancient Rome a Jewish God - God, the huge Roman Empire finally bowed to the Cross of Christ.。.


So far dozens of surviving ancient Greek music, all belong to the later period, and mostly incomplete. Their modern performance, it is difficult to show original style.。.


However, the ancient Greek music world is not far away from modern society. Today, people are still using the ancient Greek musical terms, people are still thinking, the debate on ancient Greek music with the universe, the relationship between society and life problems raised by people's aesthetic preferences and the ancient remains more or less about Greek music aesthetic standards and guidance. In particular the power of the ancient Greek Church, said about music and eloquence, to roaring power, through the layers of history, the curtain, round after round of cross-cultural barriers, stimulate the imagination of countless people, enlighten the hearts of countless people. Deification of the music of the ancient Greek myth, reveals a childhood dream and innocent human beings, along with the unique cute.。 Ancient Greece music theory and aesthetics, more like the beautiful Phoenix, ashes, vigor, surprise, singing from the depths of the soul, yearn equilibrium, and yearn to be perfect; breaking the sound barrier, flies to the distant universe, seeking harmony, pursuit of eternity. Audio classic of the classic era of shock. Balanced, harmonious, perfect, timeless--is both the ideals embodied in the classical era, is the classic beauty of tone ...


Fauré (Gabriel-Urbain Faure). .


<法>1845-1924----gaibuliaier-youerbeien-Gabriel Faure (Gabriel-Urbain Faure 1845-1924), France composer, born in France South of PAMIERS, served as a music professor and Dean of the school of Paris, is France at that time one of the most distinguished composers ...


He once described the French art song "Pavan" and the soundtrack from the drama "Perry Elias and Meryl Sand" Suite adaptation of the same name. His writing style subtle detail and natural, elegant and pure and flowing. .


----Major works:..


After Dream Op. .7-1 (1878) Apres un reve. .


<法>Lullaby Op ... 16 (1880), Berceuse..


<法>Elegy Op. .24 (1883) Elegie. .


<法>Siciliano, Op ... (78).


<法>Sousa (John Philip Sousa). .


<美>1854-1932----United States composer, band music conductor. Ten years old learn violin and harmony, 16 command band performances in the theatre and cinema, Zeng Ti United States Marine Corps band leader, and United States Navy band Director, organized his own band, led by four times, going to traveling in Europe show ...


Life for a large number of military music and light opera, songs, brass of the United States played an important role in pushing forward, as the "March King." .


In his music, the most famous: the stars and Stripes Forever, and the cotton Kings, the Washington Post, the shake hands across the ocean, and so on ...


-----" Star Spangled Banner-THE STARS AND STRIPES FOREVER "by the 1897-1950 list. Piece for the American March King John Philip Sousa's major works. The end of 1896, Ms. Su Saji vacation in Europe, when I suddenly his sudden death the manager of a military band. Bands scheduled to perform a national tour irresolute, making Susa had to immediately leave for home. Ship's deck in the back, not due to return to New York Susa to deal with a lot of troubled firms, and is in the mind emerge out of a song by the band.。 After landing, he will head emerged in static memory out to the tune of ...


---- Major works:. .


Stars and stripes March (1897), The Stars and Stripes Forever ...


US-China-US march (1899) The Fairest of the Fair. .


Washington Post March (1889), The Washington Post ...


Chausson (Ernest Chausson). .


<法>1855-1899----aierneisite-Ernest Chausson (Ernest Chausson,1855-1899), France composer, born in Paris, studying law, 25 years into the Paris Conservatory of music, by the effect of Frank.　Had participated in the Saint-founded national associations of music, such as mulberry, Frank, from 1889 to the clerk. Creation of the tone poem, soloist with the Orchestra of the love and the sea, such as poetry, and the Symphony in b-flat major, which has become an excellent violin music of the tone poem, Debussy once said: "the song composer there is excellent talent. ” 。.


---- "Symphonic Poem op. .25 (1896) Poeme. .


<法> By: Ernest Chausson, of the tone poem, which is a first solo violin with Orchestra accompaniment of music, but at the time of performance, is often made with piano accompaniment. This piece is a Violin solo masterpiece, in all the works of Chausson, it is being played up to a song. Author genre extensive works of Chausson, characterized by abundant lyricism, passion, and in particular, this work can be described as all the strengths of Ernest Chausson is played out. Music for the inhibition of mysterious, and drop in c major, three-fourths. Slowly and after the introduction of the mystery of, solo violin to off beat out first topics of meditation and elegant. Orchestra after repeated it, solo violin and then spent playing.. Solo violin ensemble with all the background, with a strong passion to play the most played of the second theme. The theme song for the whole song is the third part of the CLS, the main melody of the soulful violin playing the lead song climax paragraph. Next is slowed board, the Ministry played there at the beginning of the material order, and converted into 3 / 4 Reduced E major, the orchestra play the first theme again, and then to take over by the solo violin. Violin in D major, slower speed to sing on the first theme, and then into the descending E major, 3 / 4 beat, back to the original speed. Music department will enter the end of the last to the end of the whole song is the weakest player. .


Debussy (Claude Debussy).


<法>1862-1918 ----- Crowder - Debussy, Claude Debussy (1862-1918), eminent French composer. He Ru Bali Conservatory of Music in 1873, in more than ten years has been a learning talented students, and Cantata "Prodigal Son" won the Rome Prize. Mallarme after the poet and artist-led small groups of very close to the lyrics of their poetry writing a lot of acoustic music. The same name based on Mallarme's poetry of the orchestral prelude to "Afternoon of a Faun" and also under the same name, the Belgian poet Maeterlinck drama created the opera "Perry Elias and Merry Sand."。 Piano works throughout his life, early, bergame Suite close the alabosike romantic style contained in the layout, image of the happy island, two episodes of the series and the 24 Preludes for Impressionist works. Orchestral song of the Nocturnes, and under the sea, the yibeiliya and have a lot of lively discourse. During the first world war, he has written several works to sympathize with the suffering people, and writing style has changed. At this time he has been suffering from cancer, in 1918, Germany attacked Paris died ...


---- Major works:. .


Prelude to the afternoon Shepherd God (1892/4) I a, Prelude ' apresmide d ' UN Faune..


<法>Sea (1903 / 5) La mer. .


<法>Holy girl (1888), The blessed damozel..


<英>Children's Paradise (1906 / 8) Children's corner. .


<英>Nomad (1884), The prodigal son ...


<英>Print (1903) Engravings. .


<英>Festivals (1898) Fastivals ...


<英>Image (1909/11) Images. .


<法>The Sea (1903/5) of The sea ...


<英>Nocturne (1897 / 9) Nocturmes. .


<法>Moonlight (1890), Clair de Lume..


<法>Flaxen-haired girl (1910) La fille aux cheveux de lin. .


<法>Bergamasque suite (1890) Bergamasque suite ...


<法>Pier Na (Gabril Pierne). .


<法>1863-1937.


Little Faun (1918) Marche des petits Faunes. .


<法>Serenade Op ... 7 (1884), Serenade..


<法>


<法>Richard ... Strauss (Richard Strauss).


<德>1864-1949 ---- Richard - Strauss is a famous German late Romantic music composer and conductor. .


Richard Strauss ' creation in a colorful, vivid, practice novel and is famous for. Effects of its late Liszt, Berlioz and Wagner, authoring is done on a bold exploration of the pursuit and attempted to musical instruments to the literary content of the story and many abstract things. His symbolic themes and variations approach to realistic description of the thing. His way with Berlioz's "fixed idea" and Wagner, "the leading motive" is similar, but way more innovative and nuanced than they ...


Richard - Strauss is the world's most outstanding one of opera and symphony conductor, has served as the Munich Opera, the Berlin Philharmonic, the Berlin Royal Opera, the Vienna Opera House and other famous music group's command, and is the Wagner Notes are the authoritative works. .


----Major works:..


Seoul happy mischief ladder (1895). .


Egypt Helen Op ... 75 The Egyptian Helen..


<英>Alpine Symphony Op. .64 (1911 / 5) An Alpine symphony. .


<英>Arabella Op ... 79 (1929/32), Arabella..





<英>Italy visit Op ... 16 (1886) From Italy ...


<英>Elegant fans Op. .60 (1912) Le bourgeois gentilhomme. .


<法>Capriccio Op ... 85 Capriccio..


<意>Death and Op. .24 (1889) Death and transfiguration. .


<英>Symphony family Op ... 53 (1904) Domestic Symphony ...


<英>Don Juan Op. .20 (1888) Don Juan. .


Tong Ji Ke de Op ... 35 (1897), Don Quixote ...


Heroic life Op. .40 (1898) A hero's life. .


<英>Der Rosenkavalier Op ... 59 The Knight of the rose ...


<英>


<英>Dukas (Paul Dukas.).


<法>1865-1935. .


Little Wizard (1897), l ' apprenti sorcier..


<法>


<法>Fairy (1910), La peri ...


<法>


<俄>1865-1936----Russia composer, parent for publishers.. Rimsky-Korsakov the flight of the-chant Hindu of private student, 1900 any St Petersburg music college teachers, 1906 any Dean.. 1928 moved to Paris, although Soviet Government grant he "Republic people artist" title.. He has been live in Paris, until died.. 1882 first performances he of first Symphony Shi only 16 age.. from he will constantly hard creation, works soon renowned abroad, despite he and Russia national Le sent composer of five people mission be in close association with SB, he of works most belonging to European music of mainstream... . Create the bright, full of charm and skill known. .


----Major works: ... gold ... Racine Op ... 13 (1885), Stenka Razin..


<英>Kremlin Op. .30 (1890) The Kremlin. .


Four seasons Op ... 67 (1900) The seasons ...


<英>


<法>Sibelius (Jean Sibelius).


<芬>1865-1957 ---- Finland's most famous composer, national school representatives. Beginners violin and music theory, graduated from the Helsinki School of Music, and went to Berlin, Vienna studies. The author of several works, embodied the patriotic feelings of hot and strong ethnic characteristics, which gained world recognition. .


Since 1950, organizes the annual International Music Festival in Helsinki – Sibelius Music Festival. Its representative has widely spread of symphonic poem Finland Chung under, and seven Department Symphony, and Symphony legend song four first (including famous of tuwengniela of Swan under), and Violin Concerto, and symphonic poem Saga under (is ice Chau ancient history under), and blues Waltz under (drama score of a chapter), and String Quartet inside of sound under, and for Shakespeare drama storm under of score. In addition, there are a lot of songs, piano music, and so on ...


---- Major works:. .


Finland Ode to Op ... 26 (1899) Ton-Poen "Finlandia"..





<英>Blues Waltz Op ... 44 (1903) Sad Waltz ...


<英>


Tapiola Op ... 112 (1925), Tapiola..





<英>Pohjola ' s daughter Op ... 49 (1906), Pohjola ' s daughter ...


<英>Rachmaninoff (Sergey Vassilievich Rakhmaninov). .


<俄>1873-1943----Russia composer, piano home.. learn Yu St Petersburg and Moscow Music College, from Zverev and alunsiji for Division.. early creation by he by warm worship of firewood Mikhail Khodorkovsky of effect, c minor prelude under of reputation won has 1898 to London command performances of invites.. he in Dresden live number years, 1909-1910 to beauty performances Hou returned to Moscow, 1911-1913 command Moscow of Philharmonic Orchestra concert.. October 1917 Revolution left motherland, settled United States..... Inspired talk of recession, is nonsense; Tong Meng sophisticated, and aggressive Orchestra Symphonic Dances, in the last days of his life and career, is demonstrated by the ...


---- Major works:. .


Prelude in c sharp minor (1892), Prelude ...


<法>Dead Island, Op. .29 (1907) The isle of the dead. .


<英>Paganini Rhapsody Op ... 43 (1934) Paganini Rhapsody ...


<英>Vocalization song. .


Ravel (Maurice Ravel).


<法>1875-1937 Maurice - Ravel Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) the famous French composer, Impressionist composer, one of the most outstanding representatives. Year-old started to learn piano, fourteen-year-old Ruba Li College of Music. Interested in music early Impressionist light and dark contrast of light and shadow in the mysterious game, and narcissism in the long impression; and Ravel's Impressionist artists as far developed is the expressiveness of Impressionist music, his favorite jet out colorful glory eye-catching man-made fireworks, like poetic loud sound.。 For a description of the music, he advocates fail to pay attention to the outside of things, but rather the essence of things and rich colours, and that the real poem cannot be long-winded, but real emotional ...


His representative works include the opera "Daphne and Chloe" ballet "Mother Goose", the violin song "Gypsy" and the orchestral "Bolero." In addition, he will be Mussorgsky's piano solo "Pictures at an Exhibition" Orchestral Suite adaptation of the same name, making the song spread far and wide. .


First, the Gypsy-Matador-Bol ro, 1928, Spain-ballerina IDA Rubinstein asked Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) for an article she wrote music to dance to. Initially, Ravel's reluctance to create new works, but promised to put Spain composer Isaac Albeniz (1860-1909) some adapted for piano music. Later works of Ravel knew Isaac Albeniz's ownership in feiernandesi·AER Beauce adapter (1863-1939), he has been dancing actresses agendina adapted the works of Isaac Albeniz suite for a dance piece, Ravel had to create new music.. The whole song is a huge "crescendo" in the snare drum beat rhythm of the endless background of the three, by a variety of musical rhythm section of two 17 constantly repeated. In order to play the end of overwhelming force before the music suddenly slid into the E major (melody major), resulting in a simple manner and does not fit all the unique effect. This ingenious piece of Ravel, is the famous "Bolero." "Bolero," choreographed by the Nijinsika, November 22, 1928 premiere in Paris.。 Jump and dance of the Red imported fire ants, attracted the increasingly feverish mood of onlookers. Finally, they arrested her, high lift his head. After the performance in Paris of the Bol ro, attracted the attention of many dancers and dance choreographer. Ireland dancer Doering (1904-) treated it as his own solo repertoire, performed many years in a row; Russian Dancer Lifar (1905-) performance of the Bol ro, though still as a Spain theme to work with, and avoid jumping the traditional Spain dance. As with fixed melodies and rhythms of Ravel's song, and genuine Bol ro has little in common.. His enemies appear in front of him, took away the women, the matador disappointed, spaced fell to the ground, seriously injured. People celebrate the festival to continue their revelry, as if nothing happened. Gradually filled with people on the stage, the band last "crescendo," along with the matador's death. .


Second, the child of the Mother Goose Suite France of the composer Maurice Ravel Mother Goose Suite, turned out to be four hands piano suite, and is worthy of the medley of children--children, for children's Creative Suite, for children to play.. "Mother Goose" Suite, as a typical child, it seems that only a thin child is not a composer. But Ravel told us: "I wrote this suite, designed to evoke the poetic childhood, so methods must be simple, the effect of the surface had to abandon all do." Visible to the composer is writing with an attitude of innocence . .


In 1911, the Ravel Mother Goose Suite adapted for the Orchestra, and later with two movements, changed the order of the movement, and interlude runs through them up, as dance music. Ballet by Maurice Ravel Mother Goose stories according to Belo Horizonte screenplay, rangna·yujiaer choreographer in January 1912, premiered in Paris. This is a taste of the children don't have dance, Ravel's specially designed a small stage, show fuluolina fairy tale of the Princess's dream, was exceptionally small, young States may hold. Two tied with yellow shawl black boy as the Secretary and the change of scenery.. Princess falls on the spinning wheel, spindle stung her waist. When she was a Say your, sleeping on the couch when the court ministers were dancing in the forest around her dancing Sleeping Beauty's Pavan. Followed by a series of dreams: in the slow waltz accompaniment of small, beauty and the beast started the dialogue, then the beast into a handsome prince. Two black children in the Intermezzo's music in the exchange set. The next dream is the little finger (dwarf) and his little brothers through the woods, all the way to cast bread crumbs, as the home of the guide signs.。 Five jangling of the sound level and gong sounds accompany the flavor of Oriental dance. Prince on stage and found fuluolina Princess in the fairy garden to sleep. He gave her a kiss, the Princess wakes up. The Mother Goose dance performance in the United Kingdom, the United States, often deleting Ravel's ballet music written by increasing both Melody and interlude, exactly five movement layout the Mother Goose Suite: Pavane – Magic Garden – the little finger-sleeping beauty-beauty and the beast. His speech was a little girl dreaming of adventure, every movement is taking her as the protagonist ...


----- Major works:. .


Mother Goose Suite (1908), Mother Goose Suite ...


<英>Spanish Rhapsody (1908) Spanish rhapsody. .


<英>Bol ro (1928), Bolero ...


<西>Noble and sentimental waltzes (1911) Valse nobles et sentimentales. .


<法>Alborada del gracioso (1905) Alborada del gracioso..


<法>Night of the Ghost (1908) Gaspard of the night. .


<英>Water games (1901) Jux d ' Eau ...


<法>Left hand piano concerto (1931) Piano concerto for the left hand. .


<英>Sheherazade (1903) Shrerazade ...


Roma (1924) Tzigane. .


Waltz (1920), La Valse ...


<法>Noble and emotional Waltz (1911) Noble and sentimntal waltzes. .


<英>Chrysler (Fitz Kreisler.).


<奥>1875-1962 ---- Austrian-American violinist, composer. Born in Vienna, learning the violin aged seven and the first public performance, the same year entered the Vienna Conservatory of Music, was ten years old Gold Medal for outstanding academic results. Twelve-year-old graduate studies last in the Paris Conservatoire. 1887 Award winning violinist, who lives five years out of music, held in Moscow after the concert. 1901 performance in London for the first time, granted in 1904 the London Philharmonic Society Gold Medal in his Beethoven. .


1915-1924 moved to United States and performed, the reputation days long. Travel around the world to play more than once in the early 20th century. The joys of love, and the Chinese violin music hubs such as the light are the masterpiece. Have adapted Giuseppe Tartini, Schumann and Dvorak and the works of Wieniawski and others, people such as Beethoven's Concerto wrote "cadenza", write a String Quartet and the two operetta ...


His exquisite playing skills, full strong, passionate, contagious, and extensive use of two-tone, portamento, the effect is elegant agitation, to form his own unique "Chrysler" style, with a fresh and inspiring force. .


----Major works:..


Vienna Capriccio Op. .2 Caprice viennois. .


<法>Joy of love Liebesfreud..


<德>Sad love Liebesleid. .


<德>China hubs Op ... 3 (1910), Tambourin Chinois..


<法>Beautiful Rose Marlin Op. .55-4 Schon Rosmarin. .


<德>Beethoven theme small Rondo Rondino uber ein Thema von Beethoven ...


<德>Prelude and Allegro (1910) Praludium und Allegro. .


<德>Gypsy (1910), La Gitana..


<西>Gypsy Capriccio Gypsy Caprice. .


<英>Louis 13 songs and Pavane (1910) Chanson Louis Xlll und Pavane..


<德>Little Vienna March Marche miniature viennoise. .


<法>Bluestocking La precieuse LM stlle vom Couperln..


<法>


Romantic Lullaby (1910), Berceuse Romantique ...


<法>


<英>Manuel de fallia (Manuel de Fallia).


<西>。.





Pyre (1915), Danza ritual del Fuego ...


<西>


<西>Love the magicians Love,the sorcerer ...


<英>


<英>Mr Petraud's Puppet-Master Peter ' s puppet show ...


<英>


<英>Life is short The short life ...


<英>Casals (Pablo Casals). .


<西>1876-1973----Spain cello home, from small with father learn organ, 11 age to Barcelona, thanks to music college cello Professor Garcia for Division, 12 age into a cafe for commercial performances.. in Barcelona Music College graduated Hou, by Albéniz recommended, for Spain Queen kelisidina playing, large by praise General, Queen funding scholarship, he in Madrid music college and learning 3 years.. graduated Hou and Lamoureux Orchestra cooperation, October 1898 in Lamoureux Orchestra Association played Xia, first stage playing Lalo of Concerto, in Paris fame... .1936 In support of Hitler's Germany, Franco Spain, all over the Nazis launched the uprising, seized power, suspended at this time Casals and arts activities to the Spanish border town of Prader seclusion in France, to stop play protest against the Franco authorities. . Because of the ambiguous attitude of the German Cortot, who broke with his friendship. . After the war, Casals return to the international stage, but Yinfolangge rule, as always, he again returned Pradesh, continued to perform and not on the world stage to protest the Franco authorities. . Is not contrary to his will, musicians around the world gathered to Prader, since 1950 he was the center, holding Prader Music Festival. .... Casals greatest contribution was the discovery of a lifetime score of Bach 6 unaccompanied cello suites, to premiere in early 20th century, and therefore created a modern cello playing techniques, making it a solo musical instruments ... Casals concert is not only a wonderful artistry, but also inside bold, is good at handling lines have edges and corners, a superlative craftsmanship and it would be also better ...


-----Main works:..





<法>La sardana (1927), La sardana..


<西>Les Bailey base (Ottorino Respighi). .


<意>1879-1936.





<意>Pines of Rome (1924) Pini di Roma ...


<意>


<意>Egypt Mary The Egyptian Mary ...


<英>


<英>Flame The flame ...


<英>


<俄>1882-1971-----American Russia composers. Originally studied law, followed by linmusiji-amateur music of Rimsky-Korsakov, has finally become worthy of the leader in modern music. Following their visit to Europe, America, Africa, Australia and other places many important cities ...





----Major works:..





<英>Apollo Apollo, leader of the Muses ...


<英>


<英>Soldier's story of The soldier ' s tale ...


<英>


<英>The Nightingale The Nightingale ...


<英>King Oedipus King Oedipus. .


<英>Orpheus Orpheus ...


Persephone Persephone. .


Petrushka Petrushka..





Course The rake of the prodigal son ' s progress ...


<英>


<英>Requiem (1966), Requiem canticles..


<英>


<英>Symphony of Psalms Symphony of Psalms..


<英>


Dumbarton Oaks (1937/8) Dumbarton Oaks ...


<英>


<英>Fireworks Op ... 4 (1908), Fireworks ...


<英>Prokofiev (Sergey Sergeyevich Prokofiev). .


<俄>1891-1953----Russia composer, pianist and conductor, Prokofiev (Sergey Sergeyevich Prokofiev Sergei Prokofiev-Sergaevich-1891-1953) 6 writes the first piano in the India of the Galop dance music, since the age of nine screenplay lyrics of the giants of the Opera, performances by the family. Peter graduated from the Conservatory when the age of 23 lubinshitan and Gold Medal Awards. Prokofiev's work seeks to demonstrate distinctive image of Russia national style, also showed preference for 18th century classical composers, sometimes reflect the modernist tendencies.


His work has a youthful vigor, enthusiasm, optimism, clear and full of charm. Fifteen years before and after the twenties, he had gone abroad in Japan, the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain and other countries play, directing their work performance, enjoy a worldwide reputation. After returning to select a patriotic theme, the characters in real life the Soviet Union the first place to create. Has received high honors: Red Banner of Labor, People's Artist, six by the Stalin Prize; foreign many well-known musical organization. He agreed that the art world is one of the twentieth century's most famous composers. .


----Major works:..


Peter and the Wolf Op. .67 (1936) Peter and the wolf. .


<英>Harlequin suite (1922) Suite "Chout.".


<法>Love for three oranges (1924) The love for three oranges. .


<英>John Kish Lieutenant kije suite (1934), Lieutenant Kije..


<法>Xixi Ya Suite Op. .20 (1916) Scythian suite. .


<英>Stalingrad sonatas Op ... 83 Stalingrad Sonata ...


War Sonata Op. .82 (1939/40) War sonatas. .


<英>Romeo and Juliet-the first suite ...


Romeo and Juliet Suite No.. .


Romeo and Juliet Suite III..


Romeo and Juliet Op. .64 Romro and Julirt. .


Alexander ... Aleksander Kwasniewski Alexander Nevsky..


War and Peace War ang peace. .


<英>Semen ... Special Op.. 81 (1939/40), Semyon Kotko..


Gem Op. .118 (1948/50) The stone flower. .


<英>Op real people ... real MN 117 The story of a..


<英>Winter bonfire. .


Cinderella Cinderella ...


<英>Angel Fire Op. .37 The fiery angel. .


<英>Gamblers Op ... 24 The gambler ...


<英>The pace of steel Op. .41 (1925) The steel step. .


<英>Gershwin (George Gershwin).


<美>1898-1937 ----- American composer. September 26, 1898 Born in Brooklyn, New York (Brooklyn) of a poor Russian immigrant families. He studied Chinese and more than 14 years old policy (C.. Hambitzer) play the piano, showing a high talent. 1914 high school dropout, entered the New York publisher Remick (Remick) of the Company as an advertising pianist. Resigned after two years, began writing. 1916-1920 years, mainly engaged in song writing, these early popular and easy to sing songs full of melodic and widespread, including "Swanee" (Swanee) made him famous.。.


Symphony published in 1924 "Rhapsody in Blue," a great success, made him a world-class composer, Chrysler, Elman, Rachmaninov, and other contemporary musicians to participate in Stella Vinski the premiere. In 1925, he commissioned the New York Philharmonic began to compose, because the music did not receive formal education, when he spent a great deal of effort to learn composition theory, and with the Duke (Vernon Duke), Levant (Oscar Levant ) and Schoenberg and other composers of the help. Rest in Paris in 1928, created the orchestral song "An American in Paris."。 Song for June of 1932 (of thee I sing), received the Pulitzer Prize. Completed in 1935 influential African American opera of the Kat and Beth (Porgy and Bess). July 11, 1937, Gershwin died in Hollywood ...


Gershwin music history in the United States occupies an important position. The mainstream of American music in Europe's long-term impact of the early 20th century character of the American people have a clear expression of the music appears, is a pioneer Gershwin. He will be popular in mainland United States, used in traditional jazz music, a combination of European musical art, jazz, black music and other forms, to create a symphonic jazz, the music a feature the United States. This masterpiece "Rhapsody in Blue", is considered to be "allowed jazz head out the door from the bar," the first successful attempt. His stage play and film songs have become jazz or later followed by the standard songwriting.。 In 1945, Warner Music and his life as a base, filming of the movie of the Rhapsody in blue ...


. .


AILA-Gersh temperature brother · Gershwin (Ira Gershwin) was a famous writer of Broadway lyrics ...


---- Major works:;. .


Blue Rhapsody (1924), Rhapsody in Blue ...


<英>An American in Paris (1928) An American in Paeis. .


<英>Beth Porgy and Bess and Kat ...


Copland (Aaron Copland). .


<美>1900-1990----United States composer, and command home, and piano home, and lecture home, and writers.. was born in New York of Brooklyn, from baoluo·weitegenshitaiyin and the Clarence-Adler learning piano, from Rubin-Gardmark and n.. Jean beranger (in Paris) learning composer.. has in New York of social research new school (1927-1937), and primary grams County Music Center (1940 up) and Harvard University teaches.. as modern music, especially United States modern music of advocacy who, he worked tirelessly to work.. LUN is satisfied that de-Bernstein says he for "we times of leader"... . Such works are folk opera "Tender Land" (1954), the ballet "Billy boy" (1938), "Competitive pastoral" (1942) and "Appalachian Spring" (1944). . In these works, the U.S. application of local musical language was colorful, lively and enthusiastic. . His orchestral "Salon Mexico" (1936) in Latin American music with deep respect for the "theater music" (1925) in the same is true for jazz music. ... Also for has Chamber music (Piano Quartet under, 1950; string Le nine Quintet under, 1962) songs and imagine rich of folk songs adapted song, in this a area in the (as: I to themselves buy has a only cat under) he is United States of Britten.. works has in music in the listening what under (1939, revised 1957), and we of new music under (1941, revised 1968), and music and imagine under (1952), and music of fun under (1959), and Copeland on the music under (1963)..


---- Major works:. .


Abalaqiyashan spring suite (1945), Appalachian spring ...


<英>Billy boy Suite Sulte "Billy the Kid". .


<英>Abraham Lincoln sketch (1942) Lincoln Portrait..


<英>Drama & Music (1925) Music for the theater. .


<英>Mexico Salon (1936), El Salon Mexico ...


<西>Haqia Tertullian (Aram Llich Khachaturian). .


<俄>1903-1978----the Soviet composer. Born in Armenia ladder Frith (now Tbilisi), 19 years old receiving music education, first in Gnesin music specialist high school cello, and learned from the Gnesin music, into the Moscow Conservatory of music. His creation with Armenia characteristic of folk music, also, France influence of Impressionism, he works with enthusiasm, optimism, the wealth of rich colours, melodies and a high degree of skill is good. His Concerto for piano and Violin Concerto is frequently played tracks around the world.. He is the former Armenian National Anthem of Soviet Socialist Republics. .


-----Of the Sabre Dance:..


As in 1942, orchestral music. Is made by the ballet, "Jia Yanie" the selections, after being adapted for the accordion music, piano, violin and wood melodies and so on. In 1957, the author had drama "Jia Yanie" music and plot made drastic changes, only a few dance are preserved nature of the dance, the song is one of them. .


　　Plot of the Ballet Gaya Nirvana: Coulter family brave hunters in the gaojiasuoshan village outside Al-Burma in love and teenage jiayanie, Alpha-Burmese friends gaiaoerge and girls love Asia. Once lively Burma, Northern Asia robbed, prepare to jiayanie flowers, and Burmese dance at Arles. Accidentally witnessing this scene of Burma, Northern gaiaoerge, misunderstanding, when Al-Burmese mountain hunting, when accidentally fell from Cliff, gaiaoerge instead of save. Arles-Burma after the injury sight, he is unwilling to bring to jiayanie, unfortunately, will keep his emotions, rejecting the jiayanie of love.. .


　　This song from the dance Act III second, when Al-Burma after restoring the vision, Gaya Nirvana into his arms, the villagers for their blessing group dance music. Three stages of music. At first, timpani, snare drum, trombone and string musical instrument accompaniment, marimba to urgent and out warm, lively principal theme. Kurt peoples living in the mountain expedition jump when the traditional battle dance, a rhythm strong, fast n ' themes, vivid manifestation of the kuerteren character of agile and fast brave I like this movie.. Department of topics over the middle trio, the cheers sound similar, and reproduce at the beginning of Wu Na Ying Puma defended, swift and imaginative themes, and also appears to be a call one of the phrases. The music is light at the end of the scale type to go down the sentence after the end of the above pitch line. .


----Major works:..


Masquerade (1939) Masquerade. .


<英>Sabre Dance ...





Xiao Sita Kovic (Dmitri Shostakovich).


<俄>1906-1975 ---- the most prominent composers of the Soviet Union. . Born in St. Petersburg, studied composition from Steinberg, studied piano from the Manila Aliyev. . Thirteen years of age for Orchestra, "Scherzo." . First symphony show astonishing precocity, 1926 premiere in Leningrad. . Subsequent years, or political works, such as the October Revolution of 1917 dedicated to the Second Symphony (1927) and the Third Symphony, "May Day" (1930); or ironic, such as Opera "nose" (1927-1928) and the ballet "Golden Age" (1930). ... Seventh Symphony for Yu 1941 Leningrad is trapped during, description peace, and struggle and victory.. in accept 1948 years Alliance total (cloth) CPC Central Committee Committee again on he of critique Shi, Shostakovich recognized themselves of "art views transformation" does not thoroughly, and guarantee future to to "folk art" close up.. He success to creation has several has international effect of works, proved themselves is one stand test of composer... . XIII (just under the leaf Tushin Ke song poem written by Symphony), XIV (subject to the enlightenment and the death of poetry written by Symphony) and the Fifteenth Symphony reveal rare in the Soviet Union's pessimistic atmosphere. . No less than the number of his Symphony String Quartet is also a contemporary music quartet the list of outstanding works. . In addition, creative violin, cello and piano concertos, a piano quintet and piano trio, double and solo piano sonatas (including the set of Preludes and Fugues). . His creations are in the majority of the wealth of new content and omit the traditional classical form. .


----Major works:..





' Chin ' Lady Macbeth of Lady Macbeth of the Mtsrnsk district and County ...


<英>


<英>Symphony October Op ... 14 (1927), The October Symphony ...


<英>May Day Op. .20 (1929) May First. .


<英>Leningrad Symphony Op ... 60 (1941) Leningrad Symphony ...


<英>


<英>Benjamin Britten (Benjamin Britten).


<英>。 In addition, he also composed songs for classical Chinese poetry ...





Teenagers ' Guide to the Orchestra (1946) The young person ' s Guide to the Orchestra ...


<英>


Bridge op Op ... 10 (1937) Bridge variations ...


<英>


<英>Symphony of soul-Op ... 20 (1940), Sinfonia da Requiem ...


<拉>Spring Symphony Op. .44 Spring symphony. .


<英>Boensitan (Leonard Bernstein).


<美>。 New York Symphony Orchestra, title of Laureate conductor. Austria was held in 1977, "Bernstein Festival" in recognition of his artistic activity ...





Age of anxiety (1949), The age of anxity..


<英>


<英>Jeremiah symphonies (1942) Jeremiah Symphony ...


<英>吉亚卡摩普 Puccini (Giacomo Puccini) (Italy) 1858-1924 吉亚卡摩普 Puccini (Giacomo Puccini) the full name is Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo María Puccini, on December 22, 1858 Born in Italy Lucca's musical family, November 29, 1924 and died in Brussels). Year-old death of his father, uncle enlightenment by the music, 1876, workers in the age of eighteen eighteen foot to listen to Verdi's opera pizza Aida, the ambition to become opera composer.


1880 into Milan Music College attending, Division learn pengkeyeli (Ponchielli), 1882 to he of first out Opera group demon surrounding dance (Le Villi) under participate in Sonzogno press held of composer competition, so and get at that time famous music publishing people Lei Geer subsection (Giulio Ricordi) of appreciation, for he publishing group demon surrounding dance (Le Villi) under, and money to he wrote second out Opera Edgar (Edgar) under.. .


Lei Geer proved there is no mistake, the premiere of this opera was a great success, and Puccini's fame, and MANON leisikaote (Manon Lescaut) became the Opera House at that time the size of the world are scrambling to put on track ...





Puccini is believed to be Verdi's greatest after Italy opera composer. His operatic works include: ...


1. . LE VILLI (1884) "Qunyao around dance." .


2. EDGAR (1889), the Edgar ...





4.. LA BOHEME (1896), the Bohemian man..





6. MADAMA BUTTERFLY (1904), the Madam butterfly ...


7. . LA FANCIULLA DEL WEST (1910) "Western girl." .


8.. LA RONDINE (1917)。.





10. TURANDOT (1926) of the Du Landuo Princess ...





<意>1792-1868----Italy composer.. was born in music family (parent for peizhaluo of city trumpet hand, mother for singer), learn Yu Bologna of music school.. 1810, he of first Department Hi Opera married certificate under come out.. 1813, first Department are Opera Tancredi under come out, for first of success of for.. two plays are in Venice staged.. Sevilla Barber under original says aermaweiwa under, 1816 in Rome premiere Shi fiasco, but future became he most negative fame of masterpiece, so far still for Italy harmonic Opera of Supreme attainments..1830-1855 live in Italy, Hou settled Paris, its apartments became celebrities party of to, he thought people funny is famous for its.. except Opera outside, is for has Kang Tata, and songs, and piano wind (rusty of crime fault under 1857-1868) and instrumental music Quartet six first.. died Yu on November 13, 1868 Friday buried Yu Paris Cherubini, and Chopin and BELLINI Tomb near.. nine years Hou, remains move graveyard to another place Florence, has 6,000 people, and four support band and 300 name chorus players participate in funeral, burial ceremony Shang a again and a over playing Moses under in the of prayer Le..


---- Rossini comic opera and the Italian opera genre is pushed to the peak of his representative works in "The Barber of Seville" and "William - back er", he proceed from the real life, the use of realistic brush strokes, with elements of folk music, giving work to get angry, sharp image of the opera's music, music, overflowing with the joy of life, rich in wisdom, biting satire, showing the true and happy mood.。 However, although most of his life work in attacks, but most lack of depth, really fine handed down only-William Barber, and the return of the saiweiliya and the thief magpie Overture and a few parts. He is a true musical genius, idea-rich, composer swift, the Opera the Barber of saiweiliya was completed in 13 days, become a favorite tale ...


---- List of major works:. .


-William ... return Overture (1829), Guillaume Tell ...


<法>- Barber of Seville Overture (1816) Ouverture ll barbiere di Seviglia. .


<意>-La gazza ladra (1817), La gazza ladra..


<意>- Cinderella Cinderella. .


<英>-Count Ory Count Ory..


<英>- Italian Girl in Algiers The Italian girl in Algiers. .


<英>Touchstone-The touchstone ...


<英>- Siege of Corinth The siege of Corinth. .


<英>-La Scala di seta (1812), La Scala di seta..


<意>The silken ladder. .


<英>-Ouverture Semiramide (1822) Ouverture "Semiramide"..


<意>- Mr. Bruce Keno Overture Ouverture "Il Signor Bruschino". .


<意>Getanuo·duo Donizetti (Gaetano Donizetti, 1797-1848) was born in Bergamo Donizetti on November 29, 1797, Donizetti's a worker's family. 9 years into the s.. Mayer presided over church music school. Mayer was appreciated his music. In 1811, Mayer funding he entered the Bologna school of music, from s ... Matthew learning method. In 1817, back to Bergamo, introduced by Mayer, and Venetian Opera Company signed a contract, write 4 Opera. These are exercises in the works, mediocrity.. In 1822 his opera "Granata's Zola Freud," performed in Rome, a big success, employed in the theater writing a new opera in Naples. 2-5 Since then, he wrote operas a year, from short one-act farce to more than one episode is opera. Defects in these works because the script, all unsuccessful, but the music has shown a G. . Rossini's influence and his personal creation. In 1830, his opera "安娜博莱娜" successful performance in Milan, and later in Paris, London, staged his famous in Europe.。 In 1835, he was hired as Naples, Professor of the Royal Academy of music, from 1837 to the Academy. He went to Paris twice. In 1835, invitation of Rossini, commanding him to Paris Opera performances of the malinnuo·faliailuo in 1838, because Opera was banned under the boliwutuo Act, coupled with the wife's death and tired of Dean positions in music, he moved to Paris. His visit to Rome, Milan and Vienna 1842-1843, and then went back to Paris to meet his operas staged under the tangpasikalai, was a great success. In 1845 he is suffering from paralysis, 1847 back home to Bergamo, April 8, 1848, died ...


Donizetti Romantic Italian opera music school representatives. His works are about 75 operas, as well as Mass and other religious music, Cantatas, string quartets, orchestra, etc., are created quickly and prolific known.。 He and Rossini, v.. BELLINI, known as the "Bel Canto" the school of the big three. He is good at writing elegant and melodious tunes, can give full play to the singer singing skill, so many of the famous opera singer loves his work. In the 1950 of the 20th century, he has some of the forgotten works, and m.. excavation of the famous singers such as Alex Karras, back onto the stage. Many of his operas based v.. Hugo, Duma s, and w.. Prof Scott, g.. G.. romantic literary masterpieces such as Byron.. His comic opera "Love of the glycol," "唐帕斯卡莱" in the image of bright people, showing the vibrant spirit of optimism, and with ethnic, folk drama tradition has deep ties. .


Donizetti genre diverse works, also very consistent in style. His earlier written under the influence of Rossini's Opera. Paris, France in Opera on his inspiration. His opera the love still retains the glycol Italy traditional styles of Comic Opera, the lvkelaisi·boerji, made in 1933 and began to explore the romantic. His opera the Moore Ruth leases in Latin America-Asia is considered representative of Donizetti's unique style is reflected, so far at the national stage. Donizetti's Opera, drama, and he is good at using music to create the characters, the development of dramatic conflicts, the inner world of delicate characterizations figures.. Donizetti carefully woven melodic lines, twists and turns to euphemism, expressive and singing, while the orchestration in the accompaniment of music on the pursuit of wealth effect. His modus operandi in the creation of many advantages, for the later G. . Wildy absorbed and development is even more perfect. .


--List of major works ...


Anna Bolena Anna Bo Lena. .


-August Opera, in 1830, nicaidi works that make SB famous for, prior to that he has already written more than 30 齣 Opera, but not this 齣 POBO Anna Bolena "came to be impressive ...


This in the context of the sixteenth century royal opera, one of the most famous scene, in Act II Finale of "Mad Scene": The design of King Henry VIII, the results of a prisoner in the Queen's Anna Bolena trance, the girl recalled the era castle in the home, and the joy of childhood to spend time. Finally, in the absence makeup cases, Soul Lihen days! . .


L'Elisir d'Amore love panacea ...


─ comic opera, as in 1832, the first multi-Nietzsche one of the most popular comedy. .


Story description one simple and youth of the country, in pursuit of a crush on farms that have been long time mistress, bought from one charlatan called "love panacea" (in reality just a bottle of wine), hoping to get the heart of the beauty of things ...


Lucia di Lammermoor Latin America, Lu Qi Ya mo. .


-August Opera, in 1835, nicaidi for life representative. The late 1940, "Queen of the Opera"-the Mary Asia kalasi (Maria Callas) after the new interpretation of, the play as salted fish rolled over and signs play yards of the world's great Opera House ...


The same is the United Kingdom as a background, described in the seventeenth century Scotland, because of political interests and the family feud, the result has led to a love tragedy. Play the most famous scene is the first scene in the second act finale of "Mad Scene" in the period up to more than ten minutes of songs, played the soprano singing Lucia play the heroine, must have perfect bel canto and coloratura skills in order to be qualified for this angle, has a rare soprano vocalist'm still easily ventured to try. .


La fille du Regiment wing flower ...


─ comic opera, as in 1840, the same year and in the Paris Opera premiere hi. .


Since the premiere of this Opera has always been a coloratura singer plays one of the favorite challenge, tenor singer, not exactly so light 鬆; in the first Act, tenor had to face a contains nine high c's song. Luciano Pavarotti, when New York premiere of the year, because successful performance of this opera, were all opera fans and critics as "HIGH c champion singer.".


La Favorita Chong Fei. .


Large-August Opera (Grand Opera), in 1840, and similarly named site nicaidi "five most popular operas.".


Content of which is the fourteenth century Spain as the background, describes the Spanish King Alfonso XI, a Roman Catholic monk with the common fight for a woman's love tragedy. Since the completion of the play, on the later opera composers have a revolutionary impact, the biggest feature, is to both lyrical and dramatic character starred in the sub-soprano, and later French composers also have to follow this practice, for example, : Bizet's "Carmen", Saint-Saens's "Shen Xun and Dali La" (translated as "King Enchantress"). . And so on, are used as models for writing the play. .


Don Pasquale Perth boast lightning ...


─ as in 1843, for more than a comic opera Nietzsche s last work. .


Compared to the tragedy of love before, this 齣 work can be described as penetrating and complete love at the end of a farce. Content describing one old old millionaires Mr Pasquale covetous man can, in order to marry a young beauty woman as his wife, did not hesitate to cross cutter WINS love, want to break up their 姪 Ernesto and South beauty widow Norina romances, and finally against are all teasing and lose both one's money and life ...


Level of this work and delight, was later music critic as "and Rossini's" Barber of Seville "and Verdi" Fasitafu "the history of Italian opera with the three as joyful opera Works. " .


Kelaodiao·mengteweier (Claudio Monteverdi,1567-1642) first in the history of music composers of today's international reputation, as is mengteweier. He was Italy composers, Opera, harmony, Symphony's development has far-reaching implications. His operas are considered to be the first in the history of the Opera, including of the Orpheus (L'Orfeo), the tank battle of mine and keluolunda, and the You Lishi, repatriation, and the coronation of pubi. And many other works have been lost.. .


Today, although based on actual needs, sounds like his music flavor and Mandova 300 years ago fact sheet or Venice Philharmonic in the ear heard, there has been a big gap, but it also seemed to fit in the modern people's hearts forever. Since ancient times, not only the tone has changed, Monteverdi even alive when the usual music today also missing their original appearance. Nevertheless, his music is still agitated, and clever spirit, rich in human nature. This is a daring music, behind the remarkable writing skills hold more Monteverdi drow ...


In many ways, Monte Verdi or Puccini opera works even Biwagena more modern concept of the opera. For our point of view, appeared in Monteverdi's music before, rarely has a striking personal style, except Monteverdi become outstanding in this regard. His strong, full flavor, but also the expression of the dripping sound of mind, by clear and direct way, praising the joys and sorrows of life. .


As long as the heart of the small mengteweier, will be spectrum into pieces, and results are not evil. But secular music than religious music to stir interest in him, his life has slightly changed. As early as in 1584, he had a short song tune broke the barriers of old traditions. Italy--many popular forms such as mask dance, ballet music, an idyllic pastoral, foluotuo songs, as well as other forms of song and dance--were deeply absorbed in the Monteverdi. Pastoral in particular told him to forget food and sleep ...


Monteverdi's pastoral affection abundant, divergent skills, self-contained world of music perfectly. His broad perspective, experience a rich, they began to compose transformation rules for the right man in right of the wanderings in the form of these pieces and enjoy greater freedom. The results highlight some of the music and sound, enough to make any era of the Philharmonic were surprised, so many people to "have the expressive dissonance" proportionality. .


The Opera takes up most of the time of the mengteweier. He is the co-host of Qiu Li OU·shizhuoxi. This both on the plot of the play and hold firm ideals. Two people fabricate fabricate, elegant and refined the language table with contempt, only interested in rational development of the role. Together, they seek truth in music, believing that nature of the role to be more important than some other music. The most important work is the non-European. Which combines the elements of pastoral and tone of the Group of the Office of small ideas, Florence ...


After 1637, Monteverdi and composed two operas, "The Return of Ulysses" and "Bopei A coronation." Which time and space beyond the third century, the middle of the twentieth century theorist wants. Because he requested, it is the details of the play regardless of size must be adhering to the musical drama in the condensed under a - to equate the situation of music and drama was finally formed. Monteverdi was not seen as seeking the performance of the opera singer's voice How warble, or test the composer's ability to create a beautiful melody, and free to piece together disparate pieces of a large platter. .


Mengteweier of Shakespeare's plays and Opera, is a jewel of the first half of 17th century, was also problems cropped up. Including editing issues, his real intentions, ideal conditions, the actual performance of the Orchestra's performance scene, singers, and so on ...


Monteverdi straddled the turn of the Renaissance and the Baroque era, the threshold, but the "peak Baroque" arrived, and washed away by the great Venetian composer of the music school representatives. We must remember that in the era of Monteverdi, rare at the opera had the honor went to press (because the cost is too expensive), Moreover, the mechanical structure for the dissemination of much thought, but the status of the value of history is also the idea came later . The bitter fruit of not being forgotten by the Monteverdi first taste alone, because in his time, no one will be the name of the Permanent Lok earth. Fortunately, few people today would deny that Monteverdi was the first potential power of their music moved the audience composition of modern masters. .


Creation a total of nine sets of his life, 21 first religious pastoral, pastoral set 21 first trio, 15 top ten first and second part three voices Scherzo, Scherzo, near baishou religious works and several absolutely excellent Opera has been called the Orpheus, the law on incoronazione di Poppea, and so on. These also does not include many works he has lost ...


- A list of major works. .


Altri canti d'amor 。.


Adoramus a 6 voci. .


Cantate Domino 。.


Christe adoramus te. .


Ecco mormorar l'onde - Madrigale 。.


Lamento della Ninfa. . Non havea Febo ancora, lamento, si tra sdegnosi pianti. .


Il Libro VII de' Madrigali - Vorrei baciarti 。.


Sì ch'io vorrei morire. .


Vespro della beata Vergine - Domine ad adiuvandum 。.


Zefiro Torna e'Bel Tempo Rimena. .


Zefiro Torna (Ciaconna published 1632) 。.


Canzonetta. .


The Coronation of Poppea 。.


Sinfonia (Ritornel). .


III。. Duet Poppea, Nerone: Pur Ti Miro, Pur Ti Godo 。.


Ritornello. .


L'Orfeo 。.


Chorus: Lasciate i Monti. .


Chorus: Vieni Imeneo 。.





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France Opera of typical is by Loulie by invasive, he think at that time by pop of volunteer large Lee type Opera too rigid,, so he to France original of tragedy for blueprint, plus has many gorgeous of clothing, props and spent many of actor, singer, dance who let stage of effect more rich, music Shang is joined many chorus and large prepared of orchestral mission between played, lyrics Le sentence and music of tie more is perfect, makes Opera very brilliant, he while Director and command each a Department new of works, be sure to requirements music, action, singing are in accordance with the he of mean to for..





Loulie wrote a total of 18 Opera, in the form of exactly the same, begins with a prelude to the two voices, prelude forms is in two parts: part one begins with a slow heavy accent, the second part is faster on a bit, and then at the end of a few slow phrasing of the section. This slow-fast-slow-prelude to what is called "France Overture" (French Overture). Is dominated by the chorus starts after the Overture, content for Ode to praise one elite wisdom Kings of the metaphors of Louis 14.. .


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--List of major works ...





Alceste - Ouverture 。.





Courante in E- pour clavecin 。.





Gigue in E- pour clavecin 。.





Marche pour la Ceremonie des Turcs 。.





Menuet et air 。.


Menuet du Bourgeois Gentilhomme. .


Prélude pour l'Amour 。.


Armide. .


Ouverture 。.


act 2 scenes 3-4 'Les Sourdines' (Prélude - air doux - air - prélude - choeur - air - gravement - air & reprises). .


act 3 Rondo 。.


Amadis. .


Marche pour le Combat de la Barrière 。.


Premier Air des Combattants. .


Second Air des Combattants 。.


Bellérophon. .


Acte II, scènes 6 - 7 。.


Acte IV, scène 3. .


Le Carnaval, Mascarade 。.


1. . Ouverture. .


2. Air des Biscayens 。.


3. . Air pour la Galanterie. .


5. Menuet de Daphenis 。.


6. . Air pour le Marié et la Mariée. .


7. Sérénade pour les nouveaux Mariez 。.


8. . Les Trivelins. .


9. Chaconne d'Arlequin 。.


Orfeo's song. .


Thésée 。.


Prologue - 'Descente de Mars'. .


act 4 scene 7 - 'L'Isle enchantée' 。.


Vivaldi Antonio Vivaldi (1675-1741) The Italian composer, who stayed in Venice, most of the time, including 50 years when he served as an orphanage priest. Most everyone is familiar with his music is his violin concerto "Four Seasons", and he made the four seasons, respectively, the capital of three movements each. He is a prolific composer, some say he sounds like every song is very like a, like a song made it 400 times. In actual fact, although the style is almost, but not very easy to play it. .


During the Baroque, classical, musicians are mostly working for church or the Royal aristocracy, so the relative demand for music is also very impressive, so it is hardly surprising that there was so much work ...


1678 Vivaldi was born in Venice, Italy. His lifetime was the famous musician in Europe, after the death was completely forgotten by the world, so his experience and date of birth are not very detailed indeed. Vivaldi in Venice, the first students spent almost all that time in Venice, Vivaldi as the music industry is also the central figure, but in 1741, he died in Vienna. .


Musician has additional functions, Wei Wadi courageous church pastor, as had red hair, it is "the Red Priest" Hun. Wei Wadi works today is found to have 550, first, a substantial number, can be regarded as a prolific composer ...


Vivaldi extraordinary fortune in music, but also because of the limited historical record of their life, even more the red-haired priest and composer of dramatic life, full of mysterious color. Although he's approachable, but his "deity," there is obscure and difficult to understand the place; his eyes of others, is a looming, mysterious fleeting figure, like the story of a chapter in the insignificant role. .


His writing is very fast, it is said that someone a subscription to him a first Concerto, say access manuscript after three days, three days later, Wei Wadi is ready for the ten first Concerto, reservation optional. From the story that he wrote songs speed: what a staggering ...


About forty years, Vivaldi, Peter orphanage in Venice teaching music, although the orphanage, the students is very high musical standards, they [girls only] singing like an angel, can play a musical instrument, but also can play as a command to the orphanage to visit the guests are surprised and very impressed. Vivaldi wrote the song for these girls accounted for most of the works. .


Wei Wadi works of more than 450 of the most important in the first Concerto. Therefore asserts that he is "father of the Concerto". His Concerto Chord Melody-dominated, one of the most famous is the Concerto for Orchestra "seasons" works of eight, but in about 50 years old, he wrote 12 first Concerto, first to fourth. The album itself is "harmonies and innovative attempts" in the name of first to fourth, each accompanied by a poem ...


The effect is: No. "Spring" - a small bird singing in the warm spring breeze in the spring, and after a time of thunder and flash, the spring again, the elves singing and dancing in the garden. No. "Summer" - strong sunlight, people and animals in the breath, the farmers in the rest under a tree. Strong winds near the farm, crops were destroyed. No. "Autumn" - farmers drink in Harvest, and the atmosphere lively happy, drunk, into the sweet dreams, and soon after the high-Bian Xing strong to go hunting. No. "Winter" - people huddled in the wind among the poets around the fire looking out the window cold rain, through the ice of the people do not care slips, wind still howling incessantly. .


This "four seasons" is a sensation at the time, quite popular. Such as descriptions of music, were considered as ancestor of the title music and gives listeners a pleasant feel. We are familiar with "harmonies inspired" as its theme set of concertos. In particular, the sixth in a minor "Violin Concerto" techniques simple so, violin, is this training exercises ...


Vivaldi itself is a very good violinist. He is said to jam anytime, anywhere can do, the listener did not dare admiration. Vivaldi's music, each filled with fresh capital, beauty, Bach Vivaldi's works have been used for the information written in the ancient piano and wind melodies. So people think that if there is no post and no one will know Bach Vivaldi, Bach's position in music history to be recognized, we would then want to know exactly to whom he was learning, so the man identified by Vivaldi, and further study their life experience, regardless of whether how Bach, Vivaldi's achievements in instrumental music and the same is a great value. .


Yet, deeds-a surname does not represent the ordinary, Wei Wadi, with notes for his biography of musicians, in addition to the four seasons, he, and many more! life as a mystery he, in fact, there is a lot of work was later ignored, puzzling is that little he was seven years old Bach was very keen on his music and, of course, never doubts of Bach's music tastes. Open music history, Ba Hao Wei Wadi harmony, be considered two giants of the Baroque period, support the splendor of the Baroque music. Bach's position has been unable to shake, and history, is a complete look Wei Wadi!..


- A list of major works. .


Four seasons Concertos ...


Gloria Gloria in D, RV589. .


1. Gloria in excelsis Deo 。.


2. . Et in terra pax hominibus. .


3. Laudamus te 。.


4. . Gratias agimus tibi. .


5. Domine Deus 。.


6. . Domine fili unigenite. .


7. Domine Deus, agnus Dei 。.


8. . Qui tollis peccata mundi. .


9. Qui sedes ad dextram patris 。.


10. . Quoniam tu solus sanctus. .


11.. Cum sancto spiritu 。.


Carol G minor Magnificat in G-, RV. .611 (610a). .


1. Magnificat 。.


3. . Et misericordia. .


4.. Fecit potentiam 。.


8. . Sicut locutus. .


9. Gloria 。.


Our Lady of mourning song Stabat mater in F-, RV. .621. .


You fall, you come or which I am XING Vieni, vieni o Mio diletto..


Pahaibeier Pachelbel Johann 1653 -1706 Pahaibeier, 1653 was born in Nuremberg, Germany, the famous German organist, composer. .


Starting in 1674 in Vienna and quite famous organist and composer Kerr learning ...


1677 began as Eisenach (Eisenach) Palace Ting Fengqin division, in 1678 as the Erfurt (Erfurt) any of the first cell Prairie Church (Pred-gerkirche) organist. 1690 transferred to Stuttgart (Stuttgart) Palace Ting Fengqin division. 1695 began, both the church transferred 纽伦堡圣塞巴 (St.. Sebaldus Church), until his death. .


In the history of Western music, pachabel has often been neglected and just said he was "Digital Bass times" master of the organ, however, was his artistry but Bach's elder brother student, and his works have had a strong influence on the Bach ...


It is worth mentioning that his work, Canon in D (D major Canon), three hundred years later is still attractive, not only is the modern one of the most popular instrumental pieces as well as film and television ad music regulars. This song is about the creation time in between 1678-1690, compiled by the three music and digital bass violin, bass start to play the two sections of eight stubborn bass, followed by three successively appear violin, bass from scratch twenty-eighth to end the same repeated eight tones. After this song in general also attach a light Gigue (Gigue) to form a pair to perform. .


Of particular note is the "card" is not a title, but a musical form, many people mistakenly thought that the song is "Agriculture", "card" is literally the "Canon" means voice melodies occur in sequence, intersection, copy, follow each other in 14th century, there is this kind of music. You dance the Gigue is Kat ...


- A list of major works. .


Canon in d (four-handed connected Dan).


Canon in D (bassoon ((Bassoon)) and F French horn tone). .


Choral prelude for organ 。.





Ciacona (unf。.) for organ in F 。.


Gigue in D Proceeds the Canon. .


Fantaisie Guitar 。.


Fantasy. .


Fantasia in Eb 。.





Fuga in G 。.


Fuga for organ in E-. .


Gigue 。.


Hexachordum Apollinis - Aria e sei variationi. .


Motette für zwei vierstimmige Chöre mit Basso continuo 。.





Praeludium in D for organ 。.





Prelude in D-, T。.221 Prelude in D-, T。.222 。.


Prelude in Eb, T. .223 Prelude in G, T. .224. .


Prelude in G-, T。.225 Prelude in A, T。.226 。.


Prelude in A-, T. .227 Prelude and Fugue in E-, T. .228. .


Chorale Preludes for Organ 。.


Dies sind die heil'gen zehn Gebot ', T. .1. .


Ich ruf' zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ, T。.2 。.


Jesus Christus unser Heiland, der von uns, T. .3. .


Nun lob, mein' Seel', den Herren, T。.4 。.


Vater unser im Himmelreich, T. .5. .


Vom Himmel hoch, da komm' ich her, T。.6 。.





Wir glauben all' an einen Gott, T。.8 。.





Magnificat für vierstimmigen gemischten Chor und Basso continuo 。.


Magnificat Fuga. .


Magnificat Septimi toni 。.





Fugue No。.2 。.


Fugue No. .4. .


Fugue No。.7 。.





Wir glauben all' an einen Gott 。.





<美>1826-1864----United States composer, dominated by songs, learning becomes. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. As the home to loved ones, and the my Kentucky home, the Jane blonde girl, and the beautiful dream of God, Oh, Susanna, and the old slave 200 songs, many of which are widely famous songs. His work the structure is simple, smooth rhythm, voice is not wide, material refined, pitch sinks ancient African culture and the European nourishment of Negro folk songs of praise, in true pristine sentimental in color. This emotional fate is both the slaves of sympathy, and he alone offsite personal experience of life.


----Major works:..





<英>Oh, Susanna (1848) Oh! Susanna 。.


<英>Joseph. . Strauss (Josef Strauss). .


<奥>1827-1870-----Austria composer, conductor. Little brother of John Strauss, one's own as a construction engineer. In 1853, began directing and composing, the command of Deputy Palace ball. Works mainly with piano pieces and dance music, for a total of more than 300 yushou style and little John ... Strauss very similar ...


---- Major works:. .


Austria strips Waltz Op ... 164 (1864) Dorfschwalben ans Osterreich ...


<德>Waltz music objects Op. .235 (1868) Spharenklange. .


<德>Life is full of love and joy of waltz Op ... 263 (1869), Mein Lebenslauf ist Lieb ' und Lust ...


<德>Mouth non-stop Polka Op. .245 (1868) Palppermaulchen, Polka-schnell. .


<德>Blacksmith polka Op ... 269 (1869) Feuerfest..


<德>Red Dragonfly Polka - Mazurka Op. .204 (1866) Die Libeilr, Polka Mazurka. .


<德>Woman heart polka-Mazurka Op ... 166 (1864) Frauenherz Polka Mazurka..


<德>Anton. . Rubinstein (Anton Rubinstein). .


<俄> 1829-1894----Russia piano home, and composer, and command home and music social activist Anton-geligeliyeweiqi-lubinshitan, in on November 28, 1829 health in territories yuboduoersiji province and bieshalabiya Zhijian of weihewaqinieci town Shang a has culture of Jews family, six age Shi, with family moved Moscow.. lubinshitan of extraordinary of music to since childhood will has revealed, ten age Shi (1839) open held piano playing will, 1841-1843 years between, to Western Europe many city tour performances, get has is large success... . Since then, Rubin Stancel in Berlin and Vienna to study music theory, and writing and published his first work. .1849 Rubin Stancel back in St. Petersburg, and later became Grand Duchess Yelena - 帕芙罗芙娜 court musician. .


1854-1858 between, lubinshitan heavy and abroad tour performances, in piano playing aspects get has worldwide of reputation.. 1859 home Hou, settled in Peter Fort, and started implementation he life in the of main career----founded Russia Music Association, command Association in Peter Fort held of all Symphony concert, and to solo home identity participate in Symphony and chamber music playing will, actually became Association of leader.. Meanwhile, he hosted has Association opened of "music class", this class later in 1862 conversion for Russian of first years Music College (Peter Fort Music College), by he Pro any Dean... .


Lubinshitan correctly notes that the importance of professional music talent, Petersburg Conservatory was founded by him, and his brother nigula·lubinshitan in 1866, providing most of the Music Academy, was the real centre of musical education in Russia ...


This two decades from 1867-1886, most of Rubin Stancel living in Western Europe, mainly in the performances. .1872-1873 Years, he had with the Polish violinist Wieniawski (H.. Wieniawski ,1835-1880) to the United States travel play; 1885, he opened a group organized by the famous historic concert, which group, including seven of the concerts concert tracks. .


In 1887, the lubinshitan and member of Petersburg Academy of music Dean and Professor, he conducted a series of reforms in teaching ... in 1891, the lubinshitan moved to Dresden, is mainly engaged in creative activities, sometimes opening recital for charity purposes, and also young Hoffman (j.. Hofmann,1876-1957) delegated piano lesson ... in 1894, lubinshitan's return, November 8, who died in the same year ...


His music and social activities, cultural development of Russian music played an important role; he laid the Russian Piano School, and his piano playing style of the art world had a great influence development; he composed a variety of genres a large number of works, including fourteen opera (the most famous one is the "devil"), six symphonies, five piano concertos, and chamber music ensemble, piano and acoustic music and so on. . However, his work except opera "Demon", individual piano pieces, and Romance, in general, very few people playing, and in the symphonic music is also only the "Fourth Piano Concerto" should still be welcome. .


-----Main works:..


Melody in F, Op. .3-1. .


Angel's dream Op.. 10-22.


Romance Op. .44-1. .


Symphony theater Op ... 95 (1874), Dramatic Symphony ...


<英>Russian Symphony Op. .107 (1881) Russian symphony. .


<英>Genain (Paul Genin).


<法>1829-1904 ----- famous works:. .


Venice Carnival Op ... 14 Carneval de Venise, Fantasie Variee..


<法>Napoli Fantasia and Variations on the theme songs. .


Braga (Gaetano Braga).


<意>1829-1907 ---- Italian opera and folk writers, and cellist. Major works; Angel Serenade Angel's Serenade. .


<英>Michaelis (Theodor Michaelis).


<德>1831-1887 Taiwan Odor - Michael Ellis (Theodor Michaelis ,1831-1887), German composer. Hamburg and other places in any orchestra performer, one of the founders of modern light music. Pieces of orchestral masterpiece, depicting the "Forest of the blacksmith", often as a wild concert repertoire. .


----Major works:..


1) "forest Blacksmith" Der Schmled im Walde. .


<德> : Music, was adapted for the piano and soft music. Some people would have this song and the forest water tankers, Eilenberg and Ault the watch shop together side-by-side in the three most famous portrayal of the title of his music. Music is divided into five sections, written in a style expressive: section I-of the night. In b-flat major, Adagio, four-fourths. Theme melodic smooth long, depicts tranquil forest at night. Second paragraph, of the morning. G minor, four-fourths. Triplet in the topic of vivid to imitate out the cuckoo timing, gorgeous compact voice as if it were to break out of the birds, forest morning suggests a fresh and bright. Final sound end in quails.. g minor, rapid Allegro, 3 / 8 beat. Topics in the use of rapid sixteenth note and jumped into the interval of the tunes, depicting the sound of water gurgling brook and a cuckoo crow; three-beat rhythm of light, express the quiet atmosphere of the forest. Stream the whole theme of the birds show a natural picture. Fourth paragraph: "In the morning prayer." G Major, Allegro, 4 / 4 beat. This section is the most well-known song part of the church bells, the sound of the organ against the backdrop of melodious theme with polka genre, the jumping rhythm, and vividly depicts the sound of the blacksmith blacksmith and happy image. Fifth: Finale. Lively music in the lively atmosphere of the end.


2) Turkey Turkish Pastrol the patrol ...


<英>Borodin (Alexander Borodin). .


<俄>1833-1887----Russian composers, was brought up in science and music as well as strong interest. He majored in chemistry, in 1856, after graduating from the Petersburg School of medicine has been engaged in teaching and research, and important inventions in science, 25 years old by the degree of doctor of medicine, Deputy Professor of the faculty. Until 1869 (36 years) before the public performance of the first Symphony, has always been an amateur music lovers. Why success in two broad areas of chemistry, music, thanks to his efforts on the one hand, on the Balacchi thanks to his music teacher and friend Leif, Rimski-korsakov Is.-KE Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai, and others.. There are also opera "Igor King" (self script). After his death, this opera by the Rimsky - Xhosa Cove and Glazunov continued into. Engraved on his tombstone, and his themes of his study of chemical formula. One critic said: "No one musician wrote only a bit of work but can last forever." .


----Major works:..


In the Central Asian steppe on the Op. .7 Danse les steppe de l'asie centrale. .


<法>Prelude to the yigeerwang Prince lgor oveture..


<英>Prince Igor Prince Igor. .


<英>Unfinished symphony Unfinished Symphony ...


<英>Polovtsian Dances Polowezkischer Tanz. .


<德>Nocturne (1881) Notturno..


<意>Brahms (Johannes Brahms). .


<德>1833-1897-----yuehannaisi-Brahms (1833-1897) in Germany second half of the 19th century, classical music and finally one of the best composers. May 7, 1833 in Hamburg, Brahms was born in a family of professional musicians. His childhood is poor, the age of 13 in the tavern party play accompaniment, helping his father played in the theatre. At the same time, to reward, he also wrote a number of Salon music, including a variety of dance music, March and music arrangement. He has been teaching Ge Saier, Ma Kexun studying piano, making friends quite widely in life, in particular, appreciation and support by the Schumann couple and Yue·aximu.. But he did not been to music school, by his own studious, and his outstanding ability and dedication to the cause of his own importance and necessity of consciousness. Proof of his mature work holds the pinnacle of his artistic skills and talents. His work combines classical techniques and romantic spirit, rarely used title. Imitating the works of Beethoven Symphony magnify fine brush work, mood changing, when the outpouring of pastoral atmosphere, but still with its own characteristics. He attached importance to the Austrian folk songs, has made a ninety first transcriptions. By the many forms of ensemble music, chamber music's status improved.。 The 60 's, he settled in Vienna, European Centre for the music at that time, as his second home. L897 on April 3, he passed away in Vienna. Symphony of Brahms's magnificent and the idea of the size of the big, with his ancestors had very close ties: dramatic to say his music from Beethoven, interest in the genre of folk songs, dances and other obviously follow from Schubert, his personal passion narrative tone, then bring him closer to Robert Schumann. He inherited tradition of Beethoven symphonies, drawing on a deep humanitarian and warm spirit of patriotism, spirit and struggles in the era of life, his work became the outstanding example of Western Europe after the Beethoven Symphony.. . In terms of its historical achievements in the history of German music, people often Bach to Brahms and Beethoven with a par compared to their three main pillars, namely, according to Bach (Bach), Beethoven (Beethoven) and Bo bit Williams (Brahms) the first letter of the name referred to as "three B". .


----Major works:..


University Festival Overture Op. .80 (1880) Akademische Fest-Ouverture. .


<德>Haydn variations on a theme by Op ... 56A (1873), Variationen uber ein Thema von Joseph Haydn ...


<德>Hungarian Dance (a) (1869) Uungarische Tanz No. .1. .


<德>Hungary dance music (c) (1869) Uungarische Tanz No ... 3.


<德>


<德>Hungary dance (f) Uungarische Tanz No ... 6.


<德>Waltz Op. .39-15 (1865) Walzer. .


<德>Lullaby Op ... 49-4 (1868) Wiegenlied..


<德>


<英>Edward Op ... 10-1 (1854), Edward ...





<英>Handel variations on a theme by Op ... 24 (1861), Handel variations ...


<英>


<德> Love songs。.


<英>


<英>Elegy Op ... 82 (1880), Mournful song..


<英>


<英>Rain sonatas Op.. 78 (1878/9) Rain Sonata ...


<英>Song of Destiny Op. .54 (1871) Song of destiny. .


<英>Tragic Overture Op ... 81 (1880), Tragic Overture..


<英>巴达捷夫斯卡 (female) (Thekla Badarzewska). .


<波>1834-1861----Moss-Carat-badajie Phu cards (Tekla Badarzewska,1834-1861), Poland women composers, pianists. 35 piano sketch of major works, the style is simple and elegant, but most of her works of unknown, only the teenage prayers (in 1859) is one of the most famous piano pieces in world music ...


---- Major works:. .


The girl's prayer (1856), The maiden ' s prayer ...


<英>。 Structure of the music is extremely simple, moderate speed of Andante in e flat major, four-fourths beats. Focus on descending tone after four subsections prelude, theme music takes on a gentle Youli thereafter are four variations of the theme, the last variation triplet-dominated, full of passion, this is the end of the song. Zhong Qu left bomb harmony is also very simple, just a few dominant seventh chord and the main three chords. Music image of innocence, the way simple, difficulty is not on the playing techniques, beginners can play. Russia's outstanding writer Chekhov was referenced in his famous play, the three sisters song as background music for ...





<意> 1834-1886.





<英>Wieniawski (Henryk Wieniawski).


<波>1835-1880 ---- Polish composer and violinist Henri ? Wieniawski, in the July 10, 1835 Born in Warsaw, Lublin in southeastern city of a doctor family. . Autumn of 1843, the mother will take him to Paris to ascertain the Academy of Music. .1846 Amazing in its brilliant graduate skills and age than he can understand and express the feelings stronger, playing the Italian composer Viotti (G.. B.. Viotti ,1755-1824) the "Seventeenth Violin Concerto" and won the first prize, created a record of the history of the Paris Conservatoire. ... 1848, Wieniawski with he of one later became famous piano home of brother together to Russian, and Finland and Baltic national travel, began he of independent of concert activities, get is large of success.. 1849 early, Wieniawski and into Paris Music College Learning composer, next year served to Shi also get first award.. learning end Hou, he of art life of new stage on began has..





Early 1872, leaving his position at Petersburg ... Wieniawski long before that has not been equipped with the necessary theoretical knowledge have been composers, his first works were written when he was 12..


Early autumn 1872, he and Rubin Stancel Anton ? Joining the United States, held a series of concerts, 1874, overwork the Wieniawski back to Europe, opening concert in Paris, took over Belgium in the fall candidates When violinist Wei E (H.. Vieuxtemps ,1820-1881) in Brussels, vacated due to illness, Professor of Music position, but for Sri Lanka is very short. .1877 Years and continue to play his non-stop travel, and Rubin Stancel organizations to participate in the Paris World's Fair held in the Russian concert; his series of concerts in Berlin to become a major event caused a sensation. .


1878 end, Wieniawski to Moscow Shi has-patient seriously ill, but he also is to its huge of appeal playing he of second violin concerto under.. 1879, scheduled of South Russia of line due to disease cancel, heart disease and edema disease makes he bedridden, disease in the once live in worship he of M Lady home in the, was has is hospitality of care.. on March 31, 1880, Wieniawski died Yu Moscow, he of most close of two a friends---lubinshitan brothers has been keep in he side..


Wieniawski dance based on native homeland of Poland - Polish Dances, composed for the violin a total of four "beautiful Polonaise" brilliant mastery of skills needed, easy to play. Here only the most widely, often playing the "D Major Polonaise gorgeous." This song has the inherent Polonaise 3 / 4 tempo, musical form into three bodies.。.





Gorgeous Poland dance Op ... 4 Polonaise brillante..


<法>Moscow memories Op. .6 (1853) Souvenir de Moscou. .


<法>Scherzo-O-Tarantelle Op ... 16 (1855) Scherzo-tarantelle ...


Legendary music Op. .17 (1860) Legende. .


<法>Saint-sang (Camille Saint-Saens.).


<法>1835-1921 ---- French composer. Started composing the age of five, eleven-year-old pianist gesture that is performed, and thirteen-year-old school into the Paris Conservatoire and organist and composer, after the organist at the church office, including four years in music school to teach piano Leonid Meyer . 1877 resigned from the church office, buried composer. He is the French founder of the National Music Association and actively engaged in music activities on, he pianist and conductor as to the national performance.。 His orchestral suite by representatives of the Carnival of animals, the symphonic poem the skeleton dance, and the first Cello Concerto for violin and Orchestra, such as the introduction and maneuver Capriccio..


---- Saint - Saens (Camille Saint-Saens 1835-1921) wrote a total of five symphonies, but because of his prematurely denied two early works, the directories are written off from work, so, today's This "Third Symphony", is actually written in 1886 he was the last one.。 We can see that the Saint-Mulberry wrote to him for this work "commemoration of Listeria monocytogenes" verse is not accidental. Because in the late 19th century century France music revival and before the 20th century France to become a pioneer in international music trends, obviously with the romanticism of Listeria monocytogenes bohuo impact attributable ...





Carnival of animals set (1886), Le Carnaval des Animaux-Fantaisie Zoologique..


<法>Introduction and Capriccio maneuver Op. .28 (1863) introduction et rando capriccioso. .


<法>Dance of the dead Op ... 40 (1874) Danse Macabre ...


<法>


<法>Africa and Op ... 89 (1891), Africa ...


Death Dance Op. .40 (1874) Dance of death. .


<英>Egypt Concerto Op ... 103 (1896), Egyptian Concerto ...


<英>Henry VIII Henry Ⅷ. .


Haigelisi youth Op ... 50 (1877), The youth of Hercules ...


<英>


<英>Phaethon Op ... 39 (1873) Phaeton ...





<英>Samson and she Op ... 47 (1877), Samson and Delilah ...


<英>


<法>1836-1891.


。 1870 second Ballet Theatre of the Ge Beili sister ' s husband (Copp é LIA) public performance. 1873, created the first opera, of the King (Le Roi l'a dit). In 1881, employed as a professor at the Paris Conservatory. 1884 became Fellows of the College de France.　　January 16, 1891 in Paris. Leo Delibes wrote more than 20 yubu stage plays, Ballet, drama best known. His last documentary plays the kasiya (Kassya), where he resumed after the death of Jules Massenet. His work was highly of the Tchaikovsky ...


---- Major works:. .


Gepeiliya Suite Suite "Coppelai.".


<法>Hill Weiya Suite Suite "Sylvia, ou La Nymphe de Diane". .


<法>Is satisfied that the Iraq Waltz (1867) Naila Valse ...


<法>Lakmé Lakme. .


King, The King has said it ...


<英>Balakirev (Mily Alexeyevich Balakirev). .


<俄>1837-1910----Russia composers and social activist music m-Balacchi-Alekseevich Leif on January 2, 1837, was born in the Nove Ge Luode (now gaoerjicheng), a family of origin and dilapidated aristocratic small officials ...


Late autumn 1855, nearly nine years old came to St. Petersburg Balakirev, as Wu Leibei Schiff's help, he quickly appreciated by the music industry. . In the same year for Lin Geka Balakirev playing his opera "Ivan - Susa Ning" theme written in Fantasia, the Glinka for his highly of talent, he also as his future successor. .


The late 50 early 60 's, outstanding young composer focused on the Balacchi of some Endowment Leif around and Stasov, among them, mosuoersiji, Rimsky-Korsakov the flight of the – KE Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai and Borodin, Alexandr, they naturally form a Stasov often referred to as "powerful group" of the so-called "Balacchi Leif group.".


"Powerful Group" folklore as a composer to the source of innovation in music art, their work is full of many activities and a strong atmosphere, they created the "New Russian Music School" by Glinka as a model, and even proudly claim to be " Ruslan school. " . Balakirev was the first show in the works this new musical orientation and style of the composer, his "powerful group" and the composer Tchaikovsky and Glazunov, and others activities some beneficial effects. .


1862, dang Anton-lubinshitan in Peter Fort founded Russian first by music college Shi, Balacchi Leif also launched organization a by free music school, themselves served as vice principals.. 1867 years between, he in addition to as free music school principals zhiwai, also served as lubinshitan just resigned from the of Russia Music Association command of duties.. 1870, due to economic difficulties he to railway Shang work, gradually became indifference ruthless, even exit music and furrow.. 1882 again became he yiqian abandoned of free music school principals duties... .


Love and attention to folk music and art Balacchi very early in the Leif, he has been directly from sailors on the Volga River, Stokers, La Burlak and farmers on the mouth like recording folk songs, plus matching piano accompaniment, and has published two volumes of the Russia folk song collection, which later became the song of the Volga Volga boatman intellectual love sing songs of the Russian Revolution, in a widely circulated during the 1905 revolution ...


In Balakirev's creation, although many Romances and songs, his piano works, such as Fantasia, "Islamic Latin American" or the history of Russian piano music is an important milestone, but, Balakirev's Most of his works, but it is custom or title of symphonic music: the more famous of which are symphonic poem "in the Czech Republic" and "Tamara", "Three Russian Folk Songs theme Overture" and so on. . Balakirev's symphonic music with the screen and epic features more dramatic contrast to the image of the conflict, the variation of the technique than the application of the principles of sonata form, all of which are created with the characteristics of folk songs are closely related to . .。.


Main works: Tamara (1882) Tamala. .


Bize (Georges Bizet).


<法>1838-1875 ---- George - Bizet (Georges Bizet ,1838-1875), French composer, was born in Paris, staged the world's highest rate of the opera "Carmen" the author. Year-old from the Ru Bali Conservatory of Music Composition. To Rome for three years after the study. First opera written in 1863, "Mining for pearls." Just married in 1870 to participate in the National Guard, life in the Seine River after the Fire in Burkina writing. Music in his plays, "Arlesienne" (all German writers.。 He had a distinct national colors in music, symphonic development of expressive portrayal of life in conflict, as well as France's Comic Opera the traditional expressive in a melting furnace, created in 19th century France Opera of the highest achievements in..


---- Opera "Carmen": completed in autumn 1874, is Bizet's last opera, is today the world's highest rate of a staged opera. Opera in four acts "Carmen," created a main character looks beautiful and stubborn gypsy girl - cigarette factory worker Carmen. Carmen the military squad leader Don ? Hauser fall in love, and abandon his lover in the countryside - gentle and kind Mikaaila. Don ? Hauser was let go because of their fight with the women in jail Carmen, after his release he joined the Carmen, where the ranks of smugglers.。 The play workers, soldiers and people as a hero of peasant origin, in this connection, during that time Opera works are rare, valuable. Perhaps because the author's deliberate innovations, the play at the beginning of my speech is not acceptable to the audience, but as time went on, the artistic value of the work gradually be recognized by the people, then became the marauding. The Opera Chorus is good at, Opera Chorus of various genres and styles in more than a total of more than 10. Overture of the Opera in a major, 42 beats, Rondo form. The entire Overture based on images with sharp contrast, gorgeous, compact, interesting music to the performance of the Opera's main content.. The overture is a musical drama at the regular single piece. . .


Shifts when the soldiers came in the first Act, in front of a group of children to imitate the pace with soldiers open. Children in lively two-fourths beats, on d minor and singing flutes for song of the drum with us soldiers in. In this scene shape the gypsy girl Carmen images of warm, bold, rich in charm. Heroine Carmen famous ARIA, the love is like a bird of liberty is a very popular melodies, Andante, d little maneuver in f, two-fourths beats, demonstrated fully Carmen expansive, unrestrained and full of charm of the image.. Or this scene, the Carmen lured Don ? Hauser at the time, they sing another famous aria, the Allegro, 3 / 8 rhythm, is a charming Spanish dance rhythms of the song, the melody is a bit wild and have a passion for gas, Carmen further characterize the direct and forceful character. . .


Interlude between the first and second act is also quite famous, selected from a Tang·haosai aria in Act II of the aerkalalong Cavalry, big pipe to Allegro moderato played smart and dynamic theme ...


Act II There is also a gypsy style of music, the performance of the two gypsy dancing indulge in the hotel scenes of joy, jumping rhythm and subtle vocals express a hotel in the noisy atmosphere. . .


Interlude between Act II and Act III is a gentle, beautiful melodies, flute and harp each other, full of forms the warmth ...


Act III in the famous "Toreador Song" is the Ace Camino del Rio to welcome and thank the people who worship him and sing a song. This is the first strong rhythm, sound magnificent triumphal march, successfully portrays the victorious matador tall image of the brave. . .


End of the fourth screen, just as firewood Mikhail Khodorkovsky said: "when I look at this last time, can not always tears stopped, on the one hand the audience saw the Matador kuanghu and at the same time is the hero of the two final end of the terrible tragedy of death, the two men sad fate after their sorrows through thick or towards the inevitable outcome. "The play is still a well-known Spain style of dance music" Aragorn "is also often performed separately at the concert repertoire ...


-----" Arlesienne ": It would have been dramatic music, script writer for the French are German made, the original three-act play. Theater did not succeed, and compiled under the two sets of music drama suite has become handed down masterpiece. .


The alaicheng girls first suite from Bizet's series, the second suite from France, another composer Hubert Giraud into ...


Drama "Arlesienne" describes the young farmers Provence, France, Frederic's love tragedy. Roughly story: Frederic prepared with a Arlesienne (The girl has not played in the original play) get married, suddenly learned that the girl's reputation is not good, then Frederick would like to forget about this girl, and with his childhood girlfriend, Wei Leaf Special married. Wedding day, an uninvited guest who brings his lover to elope Arlesienne news. Heart still love Arlesienne of Frederick can not control themselves, committed suicide jump from the attic window. . .


.


----- Major works:. .


Alaicheng girls first suite (1872), l ' Arlesienne (Premier Suite).


<法>Arlesienne Suite No. (1872) L'Arlesienne (Deuxiene Suite). .


<法>Oswald Chambers girl beautiful Suite La Jolie Fille de Perth..


<法>Group Song (1871) Petite suite. .


<法>Carmen Suite first Premier Suite "Carmen.".


<法>Carmen Carmen. .


Djamileh Djamileh..


Zhu adopted by The pearl fishrs. .


<英>Gypsy songs (1873/4) Chanson Boheme "Les tringles des sistres tintaint.".


<法>Habanera Dance (1874) Habanera. .


<西>Mendelssohn (Max Bruch).


<德>1838-1920 ---- German composer, conductor Max - Bruch January 6, 1838 born in Cologne. .1852 Year, fourteen-year-old Bruch will be Frankfurt (Main River) Mozart Foundation's four-year scholarships, to continue their studies in Cologne, during which some of his works have attracted people's attention. .... After 1910, he left to play activities, live in a small town not far from Berlin until October 2, 1920, death ...


Bruch in the late nineteenth and early twentieth perfect the art of one of the composers, he wrote the melody with the songs have very close ties, the German choral music, traditional Hebrew melody, Scotland and Wales transfer songs have made him obsessed, and he selected some of these folk melodies material, from which the core of the development of a simple into a complete song. . His music is serious and forceful, smooth but moderate; his orchestration and harmonic system based on the classical practice. . In general, less for his bold explorations, his reputation may thus be limited. .。.


---- Major works:. .


Hebrew melodies Op ... 47 (1880), Hebraische Melodie ...


<德>Scottish Fantasy Op. .46 (1880) Scottish fantasy. .


<英>Mussorgsky (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky).


<俄>1839-1881 ---- Russian composer. Came from a wealthy family, but most of his life down and out, first, as a result of the liberation of the serfs in 1861 (he was trying to support the movement) led him to reduce the family income, the other reason is that his own capricious character. A purpose to his parents served in the military, due to join the army in 1856. 1858 with Balakirev and Darfur Gomes at Sharansky met, the growing interest in music, then resigned his commission, from Balakirev learning; but life intemperate, it is impossible to concentrate on music industry can only act as a low-level civil service agency, and soon he began to drink unable to extricate themselves.。.


Mussorgsky's creation and his life as erratic unusual. Many works have a head no tail, and disorderly, but he actually be able to write so many things, is indeed a miracle. In many ways, he is Russia's most personal and most humane genius. Completed in draft in 1870 the opera "Boris Godunov ?", as the Russian people portraits, portrait of life, touching so far second to none. Constitutes a "fair picture" (1874) in depicting landscapes, is from Russian composer described by the first worthy of the masterpiece known as the piano solo.. In different stages of his writing career, he also according to Flaubert's "Salang Bo" (1863-1866, not completed), and Gogol's "Marriage" (not completed) wrote two operas. With Rimsky - Korsakov, Borodin, ranking Iraqi collective creation of the ballet opera "Mola Da" (1872), he wrote "Night on Bald Mountain" and other songs, the former itself is a independent of the orchestral tone poem, by Rimsky - Korsakov adapted.。.


----- Musuoersi set is the first in the 19th century for the creation of Russian folk songs based on one of the famous Russian composer. The songs and the opera is characterized by realism, the characters are vivid and deeply reflect Russian life. His unique musical language bold, unique and Conciseness of harmony and orchestration, the work although not much, but have a profound impact on later composers. The son of a landlord, great-grandmother were serfs. Russian speaking nanny claims childhood fairy tales to listen to him is the greatest creative power. For the excellent pianist mother, the mother's piano lessons, 7-year-old could play a simple piano Liszt. Father went to St. Petersburg in 1849, into the Peter - Paul School, into the military to prepare for the future.。 1852 the Empire imperial guards officers school, and initial composition, and history, painting, literature, philosophy, science, astronomy, and theology are very loving. In 1856 Emperor ' s guard second lieutenant, meet the composer Borodin, Alexandr. Winter in the same year, also in contact with Glinka's music, deepened his work Russia tendencies. Vote in Balacchi after Leif artistry, was exiting military circles, Lizhi specializing in music. In 1866 as a set of songs about ordinary people, creation of maturing. Beginning in 1868 as a song cycle the nursery and Gogol's first act of the wedding music.. 1872, with Rimsky - Korsakov live. Kutuzov poet after the event, inspired by its vocal writing has two sets of depression Divertimento "no sun" (1874) and "death dance" (1875 ~ 1877). Mother died in 1865, sharing a room Rimsky - Korsakov married again in 1872, left, and thus life, lonely, down and out alcoholics. Left behind the unfinished opera is issued, "Huo Wanxi that," after the Rimsky - Korsakov completed. 【From the "Concise Encyclopaedia Britannica," Chinese】. .


----Major works:..


Exhibition of pictures (1874) Tableaux d'une exposition. .


<法>Night on the mountain (1867), Night on the Bare Nountain..


<英>Huo who hope that Overture (1874). .


Gopack (1880) gopack ...


<英>Boris. . Godunov Boris Godunov. .


Suo Luoqing Bazaar-harvest Fair at Sorochinsk..


<英>Huo who Sharansky Rebellion Khovanshchina. .


Tchaikovsky (Piotr llyich Chaikovsky).


<俄>1840-1893 ---- Chaikovsky, Piotr llyich Tchaikovsky, Peter - Ilic - Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) Russian composer. Born in the border province of Latvia Woqinsike Teka mining town. Father was a mine inspector general, he encouraged his son was young, learning the piano. Tchaikovsky-year-old, the family moved to Petersburg, he was sent to boarding school. But his sensitive reading of the personality unsuitable to live life, ten years old in law to transfer to the school. The age of fourteen his beloved mother died of cholera. In the same year to begin writing.。 In 1866, by Anton Rubinstein's brother Nicholas Dean, Professor of the Moscow Conservatory opened new, the same year he created the first Symphony to be known as the winter fantasy, but composed this caused by excessive tension during a nervous breakdown. Beginning in 1868 and James ' – highyun, Balacchi and Leif Russia other members of the national music, but think they (except for Rimsky-Korsakov the flight of the) was talented but opinionated amateur composer.. In the same year, he completed his first opera, "commander", wrote the following years a large number of masterpieces, including "Romeo and Juliet" (1870), "Second Symphony" (1872), "Piano Concerto" ( 1874), "Third Symphony" (1875), "Francesca Rimini" (1876). 1877, is the greatest creation of his opera "Eugene Onegin ?" Time. He and his admirers love Antoine Nina ? Where to stay Bokova Nuofu Na ? m married, mainly because he seems to think that love is treated Taji Yana Onegin (Pushkin under which he was a "verse novel" in the characters) is too ruthless a.。 However, around the same period, one admirer and compassionate tone of asylum najierida·Feng·Meike his wife gave him up her communication with him, but had never met. She asked him to provide funding on a regular basis, so that he could get rid of teaching (in this context he has less and less happy) and attains at first glance.. Madame von Meck abruptly ceased in 1890 for his funding, which made him very troubled, because he attaches importance to their strange friendship, but his reputation has been established now, the economy is fully capable of independence. .


In 1891 to the United States tour, conduct a concert in New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia. 1892 in Hamburg, listening to Mahler command of the vasilief gaini·aoniejin (he believes gives the impression of a very profound. In December of ballet to pick clips shengbo premiere in early 1893 he began writing the pathos of the Sixth Symphony. The same year in October in St Petersburg commanding nine days after the premiere of the Sixth Symphony, at lunch time is not boiled water for drinking. Such a reckless Act (perhaps deliberately so) are suffering from cholera and died a few days later.. .


Chaikov Sergi Vicente said that he believes that as a composer he was one of the disadvantages: "I cannot complain that I don't have creative ability, but I suffered from a lack of arrangements of musical skills." Pedantic scholarly always agree with him that the self evaluation, but many of his works in the so-called structural weaknesses, did not affect work popular. In fact, Chaikov Sergi Vicente works kind of broad and level of melody, dramatic raging storm; rage tempestuously vehemence, gorgeous colourful orchestration, dominate their musical form. If they do not abide by the trite rules, it shows that stick to the rules will be much worse.. I think that his opera "Eugene Onegin ?" is his best work. But the "Queen of Spades" (1890) also no less, several other operas, and his songs, chamber music, is also worth studying. .


Finally, on the spelling of his surname would also like to say a few words. Transliteration of the traditional written Tchaiko Vsky, but begins with the letter t (as jielaerde·yabolahan and his authority as had been pointed out) is not required. Chekhov in today's standard orthography is Chekhov, rather than Tchekhov, people familiar with Tchaikovsky, instead of more modern, correct Chaikovsky, conservative thought is just cause trouble ...


Tchaikovsky's major works as follows:. .


(1) stage works: Opera 11 Department, including iron medical Carpenter Kula under, (1876: amendment Hou renamed (female boots under, 1887; publishing Shi to Oak Mulberry within Capriccio under), Ye Fu gaini·aoniejin under (1879), Orleans of girls under (1881), Mazeppa under (1884), witch under (1887), black peach Queen under (1890), Iolanda under (1892); Ballet plays three Department: Swan Lake under (1876), sleep beauty under (1889), Walnut clip under (1891-1892); drama score snow girl under (1873) and Hamlet under (1891);.





(3) the band and solo instruments: Piano Concerto in three pieces (b-little death, 1875;G, op, 1880,1893 years, and in e-flat major, movement, 1893), fantasy for piano and Orchestra Concerto (1884), the Violin Concerto (1878), of the Rococo Theme variations for cello and Orchestra (1876);..





(5) of the piano: the Sonata in c sharp minor (1865), of the four seasons (1876), Sonata in g major (1878): the child albums (1878); the Dumka, (1886) and..





There are church music Tata and other choruses, recreational and sports; rewaaier of the Instrumentation (1865), J.C. Laubie the translation into Russian of the music teaching law quizzes; book the practical guide to harmony (1871), and (harmony concise manual, applied research on Russia of sacred music (1874); 1888, foreign travel documentary. (From the Institute of Shanghai Conservatory of music compilation: the dictionary of foreign music, and Shanghai 1988 Edition of the music press. ）。.


------ List of major works:. .


Serenade for string Op. 48..





Swan Lake suite ...


Sleeping Beauty Suite Op. .66 A. .


Sleeping beauty Op ... 66 (1888/9), The sleeping beauty ...


<英>


The Nutcracker Op ... 71 Nutcracker..


<英>


Pathetic Symphony Op ... 74 (1893) the Pathetique Symphony ...


<英>


The Queen of Spades Op ... 68 The Queen of spades ...


<英>


Swan Lake Op ... 20 (1876), The Swan Lake ...


<英>


<英>Four seasons op ... 37bis..


1812 Overture Op. .49 Op. .49 (1882) 1812 overture. .


<英>Italy Capriccio Op ... 45 (1880), Italian Capriccio..


<英>Rococo Variations Op. .33. .


Melancholy Serenade Op ... 26.


Elegy op. .40-2. .


Melody Op.. 42-3.


Florence recalls Op. .70 Memories of Florence. .


<英>Andante Andante..


Eugene. . Onegin Evgeny Onegin. .


Francesca.... Rimini Op ... 32 (1876), Francesca da Rimini ...


In honor of a great artist Op. .50 In memory of a great artist. .


<英>Manfred Symphony Op ... 58 (1885), Manfred Symphony ...


<英>Ukraine Symphony Op. .17 (1872) Ukrainian symphony. .


<英>Slavonic March Op ... 31 (1876) Slavic March..


<英>Ma Jiepa Mazeppa. .


Commander Op ... 78 (1891) Voyevoda..


Winter's Dream Op. .13 (1866) Winter day dreams. .


<英>Mozartiana Op ... 61 (1887) Mozartiana..


Linen Recreation (Emmanuel Chabrier). .


<法>1841-1894----France composer, born in Hambert, shows musical talent since childhood, but from the parent legal civil servant, and music on your own ...


1877 his operetta "Star" Opera House staged in Paris hi, she was recognized as a professional composer, but still using his spare time writing. Until 1880 in Munich heard Wagner's opera "Tristan und Isolde" by the impact, only specializing in the composition is determined to resign. .


His most famous orchestral Spain symphonic Rhapsody is he went to Spain after traveling caifeng product. Later was converted into a symphonic Orchestra of the happy March, harmony new and unique, the orchestration practices fancy and colorful, music sense of wealth to the secluded blacken and bodybuilders. He is considered to be such as Debussy, Ravel, Planck France pioneers of modern music ...


---- Major works:. .


Spain Rhapsody (1880) Rapsodie "Espana"..


<西>Happy March Op. .42 Joyeuse marche. .


<法>Wen Duolin Gwendoline..


Dvorak (Antonin Dvorak). .


<捷>1841-1904----Dvorak Antonin Dvorak 1841.9.8.-1904.5.1 Czech composers. Childhood exposure to folk music, learn to play the violin and the organ. 16 years old and after only two years in the organ of formal learning in schools. After graduation, in a Chamber Orchestra playing the Viola. 30 years of creation, and Professor of organ music. Then meet Germany composer Brahms, and significant impact. His works were Austria national scholarships, makes his increased confidence, have gradually formed a national and individual style.. 1890 Tchaikovsky in Russia and forged a close friendship. 1891 appointed Professor of the Prague Academy of Music the following year, visited the United States, a large number of black and Indian folk music touch. At this time of the creation of American music had a significant impact. 1901 appointed the Prague Music Academy. Dvorak later years was elected Fellow of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts Research Institute, University of Cambridge and the Czech Republic by the University of Honorary Doctor of Music. .


Dvorak's works simple and natural, practices concise, compact structure, melody and clean. His works-the Ninth Symphony by the representatives of the new world fusion footage of black, Indian folk music and folk music in Bohemia, the Symphony has a unique style. He the OP, such as the Czech suite is of a strong national style works ...


His major works include: Symphony No. 9, Overture 3, Rhapsody, Scherzo, Slavonic Dance 16, Serenade for Strings, Serenade, Piano Concerto, Violin Concerto, Cello Concerto, String Quartet, String Quintet, String Music Sextet, Piano Trio, Piano Quartet, Piano Quintet, Violin Sonata, Ballade, two operas, sacred choral music, songs. .


-----List of major works:..


Serenade Op. .22 (1875) Serenada. .


<捷>The devil and Kate Op ... 112 The Devil and Kate ...


<英>Armida Op. .115 Armida. .


Yagebin party Op ... 84 (1889), The Jacobin..


Water fairy Op. .114 Handlung. .


<德>Pigeons Op ... 110 (1896), The wild Dove ...


<英>Nature. . Life. . Love Op. .91-93 (1894) Nature, life, love. .


<英>It is Nick Russell Bell (1865), The bells of Zlonice..


<英>New World Symphony Op. .95 (1893) From the New World. .


<英>Carnival Overture Op ... 92 (1891) Ouvertura "Karneval.".


<捷>Slavonic Dance (a) Op. .46-1 (1878) Slovanske tance No. .1. .


<捷>OP (b) the Op ... 46-2 (1878) Slovanske tance No ... 2.


<捷>Slavonic Dance (h) Op. .46-8 (1878) Slovanske tance No. .8. .


<捷>OP (x) Op ... 72-2 (1876/7) Slovanske tance No ... 10.


<捷>Humoresque Op. .101-7 (1894) Humoreska. .


<德>Songs my mother taught me (1880), Als die Alte Mutter Mich noch lrhrte Singen..


<德>Massenet (Jules Massenet). .


<法>1842-1912----France composer Dzur-Amir-Massenet in on May 12, 1842 was born in Le Maine et Loire near Saint Etienne of a senior engineer (later operating system iron industry) family.. like all great of musicians as, small Massenet of music only assigned in childhood on has revealed.. 11 age Shi will is sent into Paris Music College.. he in College of teacher in the has famous of composer Toma, people; learning during, he has times get disciplines award, 1863 graduated Shi, to a first chorus get Rome award, so to to Italy learning three years.. 1866 Massenet back Paris Hou, will is committed to exploration themselves of road..


Since 1873, Massenet's dramatic musical work, such as "Bazin Don Caesar" and "Yilin Ni," Oratorio "Mary Magdalene" and "Eve" and won public recognition. . In the seventies and eighties, to the creation of his most brilliant and most productive period of writing, including long-enduring popular "Manon" (1884) and "Werther" (1886) including dozens of operas. .


Massenet of written soon, is one more production composer; in addition to occasionally wrote some instrumental music works and songs outside, he of activities area is Opera, main is Hi Opera.. Massenet of late creation-he life in the of last 25 years, not only no expanded themselves of art thought vision, in drama effect and performance manipulation aspects also still old, so he of most Opera although sensation, after most is forgotten.. but even so, he late creation in the of Opera daiyisi under (1894), and Shakespeare Phu under (1897) and Tang Don Quixote under (1910), also is is interesting of... .


Natalie Massenet in addition to the hard work of writing activities, has long served as Professor of advanced composition lessons at Paris Conservatory (1878-1896), in his students later became France famous composer Bruno, Laurent Charpentier, Schmitt, Koechlin, Charles (c.. Koechlin,1867-1950) and Romania composers, such as ainiesiku ... Jules Massenet at the age of 36 (1878) was elected as fellow of the College de France, is one of the youngest in the Fellowship, and in 1876 he has obtained the Legion of Honor, in 1899, get the second class honours ... August 13, 1912, Jules Massenet died in Paris ...


---- List of major works:. .


Meditation Meditation..


<法>Elegy Op. .10 Elegie. .


<法>Grieg (Edvard Hagerup Grieg).


<挪>1843-1907 ---- Norwegian composer. .-Year-old started composing, the parents listen to the views of Ole Bull ? 1858 took him to the Leipzig Conservatory of Music, graduating in 1862; held its first concert in Bergen, in 1863 settled in Copenhagen, where he studied under Nepal Falls - Gardner; back to Norway after the Norwegian was working to create a national music school, Richard - Nuo Lake became very good friends. . He Christiania (now Oslo) founded a concert society (1867), and the pro conductor (until 1880 so far.) ... 1865 and 1870, two visits to Italy, and Liszt met in Rome ... He visited the United Kingdom, but the life of most of the time spent in downtown near Bergen..


His music's unique charm lies in his ability that he often used the language of folk music lessons with his romantic nutrients in Leipzig melting in a furnace. . Of course, he was not satisfied with merely the German Romantic tradition of harmony, but their development appears to be a very bold at the time of the transferred technique and the use of dissonance, which in the contemporary composers is unparalleled. . He was mainly a lyrical composer, especially the most cordial good lively pieces. . In large works (for example, that the first piano concerto), the tendency to repeat short phrases and sometimes make people feel bored, while the German tradition of attempts to shape the musical structure is the effect of generating unnatural. .... Undertaken for El-Peer Gynt music so popular in the world, because it also has made his small works for the success of other features ... but this work indicates that composers in Ibsen's ironic characterizations and spicy character does not comprehend ...


---- List of major works:. .


Holberg Suite Op ... 40 (1884) Fra Holbergs Tid ...


<挪>Bayle. . Kindt First Suite Op. .46 (1888) Peer Gynt, Suite No. .1. .


<挪>... Peer Gynt Suite II Op ... 55 (1891), Peer Gynt, Suite No ... 2.


<挪>Lyric Suite Op. .54 Lyriske suite. .


<挪>Waltz Op ... 12-2 (1867), Vals ....


<挪>Elf dance Op. .12-4 (1867) Elverdans. .


<挪>Folk songs Op ... 12-5 (1867) Folkevise ...


<挪>Norwegian Dance Op. .35-2 (1881) Norwegian dance. .


<英>Lullaby Op ... 38-1 (1884) (1883) to Vuggevise..


<挪>


<挪>Dance of the forest Op ... 47-4 (1888) Halling..


Centro de Haugen's wedding day Op. .65-6 (1896) Byilupsdag pa Troldhaugen. .


<挪>Sworn March (1872) Hyldningsmarsjen ...


<挪>Bobo (David Popper). .


<捷>1843-1913-----David Bao Pei (David Popper, 1843-1913) is a 19th century Czech cellist and composer. 12 years of age to enter the Conservatory from Amy Gutmann (j.. Golterman) music, influenced by Hans, after norm appreciated-the Bi Luo, began playing career. In 1886, introduced into the Budapest Academy of music of Liszt to teach, teacher Adolf Schiffer are called cellist Johannes stark Bao Pei students, the famous violinist xigeti has also taught at Bao Pei.


Rimski-korsakov Is. ... chant Hindu (Nikoly Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov..


<俄>


　　Rimsky-Korsakov the flight of the ? ? highyun the original ambition was to become a soldier, at the age of 12 he entered the naval school. In 1861, after acquaintance Balacchi Leif, get down to studying music, was also recognized and Modeste Mussorgsky and others, to join Russia's powerful group headed by Balacchi Leif. Getting along with the powerful group during his work under the influence of nationalism is relatively dark, this time more famous works: symphonic suite of the pusikefuren of the Sha Deke and Opera ...





　　Rimsky-Korsakov the flight of the chant Hindu creation Opera-centric life, 15 total creation Opera, he is good at depicting a variety of magical situations, many opera theme has a lot to fairy tales, such as: the May night, and the snow-Liang, the Sha Deke, and the law, such as Christmas Eve, and the rooster..





----Major works:..


She Hela Chadha Symphonic Suite Op. .35 (1888) Arabian nights. .


<英>Anta er Op ... 9 (1868), Antar..





<英>Rooster The Golden Cockerel..


<英>


<英>The Maid of Pskov The Maid of Pskov..


<英>


Sardan Czar's story is The tale of Tsar Saltan..


<英>


<英>Lei Guniang The snow maiden ...


<英>


<英>Night of the teligelafu mountain Night on Mount Triglav..


<英>Russian Easter Op. .36 (1888) Russian Easter festival. .


<英>Dubinushika Op ... 62 (1905) Dubinushka ...


<英>


<英>Flight of the Bumble-Bee The Flight of the bumble-bee..


<英>


India song ...





<西>1844-1908----Spain violinist, composer. Youth, that is, studying violin, ten stage play ...


Ru Bali 1856 music graduate studies after graduation, and toured in Europe and very popular. The playing superb, sweet, pure tone, which was later known as the "reincarnation of Paganini." The same age and his well-known composers such as Bruch, Saint - Saens, Wieniawski, Dvorak and others have created problems violin works dedicated to him. Life created a lot of solo and violin concerto, which greatly enriches the expressiveness of the violin. .


Works for Violin solo on behalf of the Wanderer's song (also known as the traveller's song), such as the Carmen fantasy on a theme, and the alagonghuota..





Song of a Gypsy Op ... 20 (1878) Zigeuner Weisen..


<德>


<西>Carmen fantasy on a theme of Op ... 25 Fantisie sur Carmen de Bizet..


<法>Anda Rusa's Romance Op. .22-1 Romanza andaluza. .


<西>Jean Philippe Rameau (Jean-Philippe Rameau).


<法>。 In 1728, published by the new set of piano pieces (volume III) tenth of the surface, the 11th song of the minuet was adapted for the guitar solo as the two most frequently played tracks in the guitar pieces ...


----- Introduce major works:. .


The minuet two die under Rameau piano arranged for solo guitar. In 1728, Lamour published includes 16 first, of the ancient piano set new minimum (volume III), in which the tenth song, the 11th song is of the minuet, originally made by Rameau Opera excerpts in the Prati. The two after the first minuet is adapted for the guitar music, the title of the minuet two popular; such as Segovia and Yepes, and lagesinige, and Norihiko Watanabe who made any record.. The song tune a stringed instrument to reduce the whole tone for the sixth string D sound. Music is D major. The first Minuet Andantino speed, single-Rings-style, started seven sections are tonic (D) continued sound, but some versions of changes to the Ministry whispered. The second minuet d minor, single Episode type, for the music the middle of three voices. The second half it was used in the movie "forbidden game". Finally, the first minuet finale music reproduction. .


Segovia of the minuet adaptation according to the ancient piano Rameau guitar music. -Trilogy. Hull in a major and a minor in three minor color contrasts between in the middle voices. This song is less than the minuet two popular, but elegant and eye-catching ...


---- Other works cited:. .


Le Rappel des oiseaux Le Rappel des oiseaux..


<法>Hen La Poule. .


<法>Increase volts and variations Gavotte avec 6 doubles ...


<法>Long inspired song Tambourin. .


<法>Bach (Johann Sebastian Bach).


<德>1685-1750 ----- Johann Sebastian Bach in Germany one of the greatest classical composers, was born in the city of love Sime He a famous musical family. Bach's early death of his father, is studying music under the guidance of his brother's. During his lifetime only be seen as an outstanding performer and instrument connoisseurs. Bach was alive, his religious works of Bach rarely, the Lutheran Protestant Chorale and the church as their instrument Guanfeng Qin creative material and the core of sound ideas, but he and inspired by the bourgeois Enlightenment thinking, which his work was a breakthrough in religious music of the church's norms and with the rich emotional and bold innovation secular spirit.。 His works have a profound impact on modern Western music and Bach with "the father of Western music" and "cannot be surmounted masters" ...


Vast works of Bach, his life, there is only handed down more than 500 first. Are: the Ministry of Religious and secular more than two hundred "Cantatas" If cadres religion "Passion", "Mass", among which large-scale vocal works by representative Divertimento "Matthew Passion", "John Passion "," b Minor Mass, "" religious reform movement cantata, "" farmers Cantatas "," Coffee Cantata "; instrumental work," Brown Vandenberg Concerto, "six," equal temperament piano Set the "two sets," d minor Toccata and Fugue "," Italian Concerto "," Art of the Fugue, "a set of" Music of the dedication, "a set of" Suite and the Sonata for Solo Violin, "six and so on. .


-----Main works cited:..


Orchestral Suite No. .1-1066 (1781) ouverture. .


<德>Orchestral Suite No.. 2-1067 (1721) Ouverture..


<德>Orchestral Suite No. .3-1068 (1722) ouverture. .


<德>Orchestral Suite No.. 4-1069 (1725) Ouverture..


<德.
勃兰登堡协奏曲 (1721) Brandenburg concertos><英>Aria on the G String (1722) Air on the G string. .


<英>Toccata and Fugue-565 Toccata und Fuge..


<德 >Christmas Oratorio (1734) Christmas oratorio. .


<英>Hong Tata coffee (1732) Coffee Cantata..


<英>United Kingdom Suite (1715) English suites. .


<英>France Medley (1722) French suites ...


<英>Germany's Suite (1731) German suites. .


<英>Inventions (1723) Inventions ...


<英>Italian Concerto (1735) Italian concerto. .


<英>The Musical Offering (1747), The Musical Offering ...


<英>Tempered Piano (1722 and 1744) The well-tempered clavier. .


<英>Fugue in g minor-578 Fuge..


<德)>Summer air Chaconne. .


<法> ciaccona。.


<意>Bridgetown Buourree. .


<法> (1717-1723).


How beautiful Nico. . Scarlatti (Domenico Scarlatti). .


<意>


Major works:. .


Speed dance music l ... 463 Tempo di Bailo ...


<意>- Cat's Fugue: One day, a beautiful Nico Italian composer Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) study in the ancient piano lid open, a cat jumped onto the keyboard, foot pedal in a white keys and five black keys on a bizarre pop melody: Scarlatti heard the melody and is very interesting, put it as a theme, write a fugue, the Bank said "Fu kittens grid "(ie" g minor Sonata, "Longo No. 499). .


Handel (Geoeg Feiedeich Handel).


<德>1685-1759 British famous German composer. Born in Halle, Germany, studying under the tutelage of composer organist Charles Howe, either in the church after the organist and artistic director. Secular music for love, is moved to Hamburg in 1703 - National Opera was the only city in Germany, began to engage in the creation of opera. After 1706, both in Hanbaoweier authoring and London, and soon became a British music authorities. .


1717 settle United Kingdom in 1726 and joined the British nationality. Co-author of the Al West, part 46 of the Orlando Opera, with the exception of five outside, the rest are creative in London. Because of opposition persecution, works were banned speech, theatre was forced to close down. Starting from the end of the 30, at no stage performances of cappella drama. Wrote a total of 32 cappella plays, most of which are in the United Kingdom created, for the United Kingdom of music have a far-reaching impact ...


---- Anecdotes and major works:. .





In 1712, in Hanover, the court of Elector long as the post of music of Handel, the court once again to leave to go to England. Court granted his request, but asked him to return in time. Handel to London after a British court composer made the post, then lives in England, a long time did not return Hanover. In 1714, the Elector of Hanover Hou Jicheng the British throne, said George first, he's still not back on the Handel has a grudge. .





A cruise on the placement of the fifty-man band, including trumpet, hunting sign (ie horn), oboe, bassoon, flute, Germany, France, Flute (beak-flute) and string instruments, but no singer. Handel patrolling the specially created for this "Water Music", contains twenty tunes, played over one hour. George Handel's greatly appreciated by the first, he ordered before dinner and after dinner the play again. Was waving in the wind, orchestral Qi for its unique mood can be imagined. .





"Messiah" in the "Alleluia" most widely circulated. Unfortunately, blind in 1751, died in London in 1759. First, the kingdom of heaven praise of August-September 1741, Handel in the twenty-four days to complete his most famous oratorio "Messiah." When he finished the "Hallelujah" chorus, his servant to see Handel tears, and said excitedly: "I saw the whole heaven, there is a great God." .





April 1742, "Messiah" concert hall in Dublin Nils debut, received a warm welcome. March 1743, "Messiah" first performed in London, the audience was deeply moved by music. When the "Hallelujah" song in the "Lord God, omniscient and omnipotent rule" period began, the audience was moved to awe to stand together. King George II was present, but also stood up, had to stand Chorus end. Since the formation of habits, every performance, "Messiah" sing "Alleluia", the audience must stand together.。.


Handel died April 14, 1759 the day before Easter morning, died and was buried in Westminster Abbey, tombstone inscription, "Messiah," the forty-fifth song of the first sentence: "I know My Redeemer lives. " .


----List of major works:..


Water Music Suite (1715-1717) Suite "Water music". .


<英> Wasser Musik。.


<德>Fireworks Music (1749) Fireworks music. .


<英>Acis and Galatea (1720), Acis and Galatea ...


Alcian That (1735) Alcina. .





<英>Messiah (1742) Messiah. .


Saimole (1744), Semele..


Happy Blacksmith The harmonious biacksmith. .


<英>


<意>Meyerbeer (Giacomo Meyerbeer) 1791-1864 ---- Georgia Morley - Meyerbeer (Giacomo Meyerbeer ,1791-1864), German composer. Young, learning the piano, open year-old in Berlin for the first time to perform, and a little-known pianist. Later determined to create the opera, studied composition at age fourteen. The twenty-first at the age of completion of the first operas. After 1826 he settled in Paris. After five years of opera "Robert the devil" speech at the beginning of the success of the Paris Opera House, later to become the representative of the great French genre of opera composer. .


　　Opera by the representatives of the Egypt of the Crusades, the North Star, and the African women's rights, the Prophet, and so on. The African women aria in the AH! Beautiful paradise on Earth, the Prophet orchestral selections from the coronation March (Marche du couronnement..


<法>) Wide spread. Luxury by the opera scene, pay attention to performance results. .





<意>1792-1868 ---- Italian composer. . Born in a musical family (father of the city for the Pesaro trumpeter, the mother was a singer), learning music school in Bologna. .1810 Year, his first comic opera, "marriage certificate" come out. .1813, The first being the opera "Tancredi" come out as successful as the first. . The two plays are staged in Venice. . "Barber of Seville," formerly known as the "Alma-Wiwa," premiered in Rome in 1816 when the defeat, but later became his most famous masterpiece, the opera so far is still the highest attainments harmonic Italy. ... Paris staged has he of Moses under (Moses in Egypt under of revised), and Olympics in pieces Jue under and Wei and · back, under, also has he of most famous of masterpiece Sevilla Barber under.. 1824 any Paris of Italy Opera Dean, due to 1830 outbreak revolution, he and Government signed of ten years within writing five Department Opera of contract void; but he requirements Government giving annuity, 1835 allowed.. he in 15 years within wrote has 40 Department Opera, remaining of years has only wrote has a first Notre Dame mourning song under (1842), and a first small August mass song under (1864) and many xiaoqu, not only order at that time of worship who flounder, also makes descendants cannot understands.1830-1855 lived in Italy, later settled in Paris, became celebrities in their home gatherings, he thought that famous people funny. . In addition to opera, but still be there Cantatas, songs, piano style ("old and useless your sins," 1857-1868) and instrumental quartet six. . Died November 13, 1868 Friday buried 巴黎凯鲁比尼, near the tomb of Chopin and Bellini. . Nine years later, the remains of re-interment of Florence, a six thousand, three hundred four military band and choir members to attend the funeral, the burial ceremony, playing over and over again, "Moses" in the prayer music. .


----Rossini to Italy Hi Opera and are Opera of genre push has peak, in he of representative works saiweiliya of Barber under and William-back, under in the, he from reality life start, using realism of strokes, with national music of factors, gives works to angry, Opera of music image sharp, music in the abound with life of joy, rich of wisdom, spicy of satire, flow showed real and bright of emotional.. Although most of his life, but at the time the mighty works, but most lack the depth of the real fine handed down only the "Barber of Seville," "William - back Seoul" and "thieves Magpie" Overture and a few several. He is a true musical genius, Enthone rich composition rapidly, the "Barber of Seville," the play is in thirteen days, and transferred for the elephants. .





- William. . Back Seoul Overture (1829) Guillaume Tell. .


<法>El Barbero de Sevilla-Overture (1816), Ouverture LL Barbiere di Seviglia..


<意>- Thieves Magpie Overture (1817) La gazza ladra. .


<意>-Cinderella Cinderella ...


<英>- Orie Count Count Ory. .


<英>


<英>- Touchstone The touchstone. .


<英>


<英>- Silk Ladder Overture (1812) La scala di seta. .


<意>


<英>- 赛米拉米德 Overture (1822) Ouverture "Semiramide". .


<意>


<意>Schubert (Franz Schubert). .


<奥> 1797-1828----Franz-Schubert (179,711,828) is a 19th century Austria of the genius composer, January 31, 1797, was born in Vienna near lixitiantaer. He was born in Vienna, a family of teachers, learning violin and piano was eight years old with a parent, at the age of 12 he was sent to boarding for free Empire Seminary choir, where he tried to learn music theory, and served as a conductor of the Orchestra, practice songs. 14 years of his first Symphony, 18, finished second and third symphonies, two MESS, five operas and more than 140 duoshou songs.. Tension in the eighteen years of uninterrupted creative activity, the Schubert completed a total of more than one thousand one hundred works, including: fourteen operas, nine symphonies, more than the first chorus, five hundred sixty-seven The first songs. His "Unfinished Symphony", "C major Symphony," "died young" quartet, "Trout" quintet, vocal divertimento "beautiful Mill Girl," "Swan Song" and play music, "Luo Salmon, "are renowned. .


　　Franz Schubert's life was short, be on the beach, but his lyrical songs at an astonishing fortitude creation more than 600 duoshou, dubbed "the King of song", is the world's great composers of the songs up to, in addition to 14 of the Opera, Opera of six of the Qing, a Symphony of 13, a prelude to six, String Quartet in 15 first such a large number of works. Due to the position of Schubert live, most of these works were later compiled by mining ...


Schubert and Beethoven, the music was later known as the world's most brilliant Venus, the amount of subjects. The two masters are in the dark feudal dynasty was the reign of his life with their musical art to resist such rule. Schubert contemptuous indifference with optimism to the struggle, in the works to remove the description of the forces of darkness, but also demonstrate a better future life expectations. His works are lyrical style of the main structure is relatively free, highly melodic. In terms of piano music and symphonies, Schubert inherited and developed the tradition of classical music in Vienna. In the song, the Schubert to find the source of the folk music, creating a romantic ballad precedent. .





---- Song of the king. .





Shu Bote sincere feelings of the songs, rich in content, forms, words, music, piano accompaniment three closely with perfect harmony. His song writing not only inherited the artistic achievements of their predecessors, Art song again raised to a new level, and has a distinctive national style. Therefore, people Shu Bote hailed as "Song of the King." .


. His writing during this period have matured large, and formed its own unique style. .


. Some of the romantic style of music has its own characteristics. Focus on personal feelings, such as performance, attention to the combination of music and musical art, the absorption characteristics of the people put such folk music, the other in the creation technique, style and form, there are a lot of innovation and creativity. Romantic music is emotional thinker of the nineteenth century bourgeois a reflection of the music, it is a complex social phenomenon. S Music for the evaluation of wave travel to be based on different writers, art, world view to carry out specific pieces of analysis.)。 His music sounds just like a diary page of the composer himself, also is a composer and listeners talking tirelessly. He works mainly on the contents of a personal life experiences and encounters. In his early works, often stream exposed to life and love of nature and to magnificent ideal, however, this wonderful circle of ideal is often limited to individual well-being; the warmth of family, the sweet life of love, peace, and so on. He often described in the work of an invisible force that power block people to be happy, draws people into darkness, death, people hate it but unable to resist it (such as the girl God of death, such as the statue of).. .


　　In Schubert's works displayed by this personal experience of life and experiences, at the time Austria is a certain representation of the community. Restoration of the 19th century, the early feudal, Germany has progress requirements that are part of young intellectuals in a deep depression. 1789 when France when revolution in full swing, they are not born, they failed to see the bourgeois revolution of pioneers who struggle for the ideal of heroic spirit and people of the great revolutionary force, before their eyes can only see the bourgeoisie preached a Gospel of "liberty, equality, fraternity" ideal Kingdom of disillusionment, surrounded by darkness.. Finally, they just fall into pessimism, despair and helplessness among the. Therefore, the main character Shu Bote works (whether it is young people wandering alone grinder or the identity of those who appear), it is this part of Austria and Hungary was the epitome of intellectuals. .





Shu Bote artists not as romantic as some of the negative, to their own creativity to beautify the medieval society, in order to disguise the ancient souls made to lead people to escape reality; did not, as some musicians supported by the rulers as with a false picture of peace, dream life of music to people's spiritual anesthesia; but the face of harsh reality, with their own music, has revealed the suppressed anger in the hearts, singing his own desire for a bright, indictment of the fate of uneven. Although, as a petty-bourgeois intellectuals, he could not find the cause of this uneven fate of the social causes, but can not see the light where the way out.


----- List of major works:. .





<英>- Tragic Symphony D417 (1816) Tragic symphony. .


<英>


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<英>-Unfinished symphony D759 (1822) Unfinished Symphony ...


<英>


<英>-Music moments Op ... 94,D780 (1828) Musical moments ...


<英>


<英>-Rosa Mond Op ... 26,D ... 797 (1823) Rosamunde..


<德>- Music instantly Op. .94-3 (1823/26) Moments Musicaux. .


<法>-The army March Op ... 51-1,D ... 733-1 (1818) Marche Militaire..


<法>


<法>


<英>


<英>


<德>


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<意>. Well-known works are: "March (1831) Marcia". .


Langner (Josef Lanner).


<奥>1801-1843 ---- known as the "Father of the Waltz" reputation. .


。.


. . C'est à cause de cette aisance justement qu'un jour, malade, pris de court et incapapable d'aligner trois notes, il fit appel à son associé Johann Strauss I qui composa à sa place. .。.


Les oeuvres les plus marquantes de Lanner sont: "Trennungs-Walzer" op. .19 (Valse de la séparation), "J?gerLust-Galopp" op. .82 (Galop de la joie des chasseurs), "Pesther-Walzer" op. .. .200 (Valse de Sch?nbrunn). .


----Major works:..


- New Vienna, with Schindler Dance Op. .1 (1823) Neue Wiener Landler. .


<德>


<德>- Court dance Waltz Op. .161 (1840) Hofballtanze. .


<德>


<德>- Mysterious blond people Waltz Op. .200 (1842) Die Schonbrunner. .


<德>


<德>- 汉斯波尔卡 Op. .194 (1842) Hans jager-Polka. .


<德>


<法>1803-1869 ----- French composer, conductor, music critic, half of the nineteenth century, the greatest representative of French music by Hector - Berlioz, in the December 11, 1803 was born in southern France ? St. Andrew's column in C?te town (Cote-aint-Andre). .


1821, comply with father of decided to, Berlioz to Paris learn medical, in this segment time in, he also no abandoned learning music of all opportunities: he participate in Opera of performances, in Paris music college library reading score; in then staged of Christoph Gluck of Opera Yi Feige Niea in taoluorenli under and Beethoven of Symphony, makes he deep excited was, so firm has engaged in music work of determined to..


Berlioz's creative activity, as early as the beginning even before he went to Paris, but at this time to write some of his chamber works, not used for the publishers. . Generally speaking, the creation in 1823, Berlioz wrote of the "mass" as a starting point, although this work in 1825 and before the performances are not successful. .1826 Years into the Paris Conservatoire, he also wrote the chorus after another, "Aimiliya and Tangke Wright," Drama "Faust" music, and according to Thomas ? Moore (T..。.


Specifically, Berlioz, his main creation is in France the most turbulent years of history - written in the thirties. . Back in 1826, he wrote "Greek Revolution" chorus; July 1830 revolution, he also "La Marseillaise," adapted for use in choir and band performances, and indicate on the score, this song is " for all a voice, a conscience and veins the blood of all the people and write "; he participated in the revolutionary party in Italy charcoal organization," Faust in the sink "into which he also used the famous Hungarian revolutionary song "La Qi march." .





And 1848, Berlioz's creative life and in fact nearly over. . His major works written in later years, such as "Ode to God" (1849), cantata "Christ's Childhood" (1854), grand opera "The Trojans" (1856-1858 years) and so changes in style have a calm and steady. . Berlioz's final work, in 1860-1862 years, based on Shakespeare's comedy "Much Ado About Nothing," wrote the comic opera "Beatrice and Benedick." .


. . Berlioz wrote, "orchestration", which has been regarded as one of the classic literature of music. .





---- Major works:. .





<法>- The Wei Nutuo. . Qieli Ni Overture (1838) Ouverture "Benvenuto Cellini..


<法>-Dance of the elves (1846) Danse des sylphes..


<法>- Degradation of Faust Op. .24 (1845 / 6) The damnation. .


<英>


<法>- Lake Qi March (1846) Marche Rakoczy. .


<法>


<英>- Symphonie Fantastique Op. .14 (1830) Fantastic symphony. .


<英>-Hello Eid in Italy Op ... 16 (1834), Harold in Italy ...


<英>- King Lear Op. .4 (1831) King Lear. .


<英>-Summer night Op ... 7 (1840/1) Summer night ...


<英>- Roman Carnival Op. .9 (1843) The Roman carnival. .


<英>


<英>- Funeral and Triumphal Symphony Op. .15 (1840) Funeral and triumphal symphony. .


<英>


<英>Old John. . Strauss (Johann Strauss). .


<奥>


<德>Anna Polka Op. .137 Annen Polka. .


<德>


<俄>1804-1857 ----- Russian composer, the founder of Russian classical music Mikhail Glinka ? ? Ivanovic in the June 1, 1804 Nuowo Si was born in the Basque province of Smolensk a landlord family in the village. . Thirteen years old, he went to St. Petersburg an elite boarding school, when exposed to a number of steps was thinking of after-school ---- continuously learn the piano in the music, songs, and study music theory, and try to compose. .


After returning home in 1834, he was determined according to the Russian theme, according to Russia's approach to the creation, that is, to use their creative talents to develop their music, especially the development of national styles of opera. . His first opera "Ivan - Susa Ning," written in 1836 between the same year by the end of the first performance at the Royal Theatre. . Glinka as "tragic hero of the motherland" and "Ivan ? Susa Ning" and staged by the majority of the people of praise, Pushkin and Gogol and others also used their own poems to congratulate it, that first performance the opera One day, even as "the birth of Russian classical day National Opera." .


The summer of 1844, he again travel abroad: in Paris, he established a friendship with Berlioz, and then in Spain, he observed with great concentration of local folk music, including folk entertainment and musical performances, all of which benefit from his less, but also brought him a lot of fun. .


1847, grid forest card and back to motherland, but in this zhihou nearly ten years time in the, he repeatedly moved, sometimes live in simosike, sometimes to Warsaw, sometimes in Peter Fort, also to Paris to go has a trip, has of almost is stray of life.. in this moment period, he writes of card Mary linsikaya under Fantasia, lay has Russia Symphony Music style of Foundation.. 1856 summer, grid forest card last once left motherland came to Berlin, he hard research various ancient adjustable, wanted to to reform Russia of church chorus.. on February 3, 1857, grid forest card died Yu Berlin, same year, he of ashes games back motherland, burial in Peter Fort of a by monastery cemetery in..


Glinka's opera in the creation plays an important position, two different themes of his operas, opening the path of development of Russian opera; Glinka's really not much symphonic music, and the length is not large, but they said , that was a Caiqihengyi example. . Glinka prosperous living in the Romantic period, his works inevitably imprinted with these areas, He says that he has a "bold uninhibited imagination", but this is different from the kind of Western European Romantic artists often sick and extreme fantasies. .


Glinka in Russia in the history of music, often being fair with Pushkin in Russia literary status on par, or Russia the famous critic Stasov (b.. B。. Ctacob,1824-1906) words, Glinka in Russia in the history of music, just like Christoph Gluck and Mozart in Germany in the history of music ...


---- Major works:. .





Ivan. . Susa Ning Overture (1836) Ivan Sussanin. .


Kamalinsikaya Fantasia (1848).


阿拉贡霍塔 (1845). .


Madrid night (1848).


Fantasy Waltz (1856). .


Fran ... Schubert (Francois Schubert).


<德>1808-1878 famous works. .





<法>Mendelssohn (Felix Mendelssohn). .


<德>


---- Mendelssohn, was born in Hamburg, a German composer, and Schumann for the German Romantic music with an outstanding representative. Mendelssohn's music is multifaceted, he first welcomed as a pianist, and later he held a number of songs the command team and the East team, and start writing. In 1843 he founded the first School of Music in Germany - Leipzig Conservatory of Music in Germany and made important contributions to arts education. Mendelssohn's orchestral works to the main, the most representative is the "Midsummer Night's Dream" Overture, "Scottish Symphony" and "Italian Symphony."


Although not the works of Beethoven, Mendelssohn, as full of flavor of the times, but he kept in the creation of a serious attitude, respect for classical tradition, while enriching the creative theme, and improved forms. His work features the romantic and classical features are intertwined, both with the classical works of rigorous logic, and fantasy with a romantic character. Writing style known for beautiful, elegant, gorgeous and famous, known as the Romantic composers of lyrical landscape master.。.


Mendelssohn's major works include: five symphonies (the "third (Scotland) Symphony", "the fourth (Italy) Symphony," the most famous), seven Overture (the "Midsummer Night's Dream" " "Sporting Fingal's Cave" is the most famous), "e minor violin concerto," choral works oratorio "St. Paul", "Ye Liya", "Jesus Christ," Psalm 9 songs, 9 motet; drama music opera, music theater; more than twenty first chamber; piano works Capriccio 2, Prelude and Fugue 6, Songs without Words 6. Organ works 9 and the main theme of dozens of songs and choral music. .


----Mendelssohn was born in Germany in Hamburg a very rich family of bankers. Grandfather was the famous philosopher, mother was a pianist, sister was also a talented pianist. Mendelssohn since childhood on life in a rich and has is high culture parenting of family in the, this family is Hamburg only territories celebrity often between of "Salon", in so of environment in the, Mendelssohn 4 age began with mother learn piano, 9 age to stage held piano solo will, 11 age is began composer, 14 age organization up themselves of private band, to 17 age creation out has he most famous of Midsummer night of dream under. His widely read after this musical genre, creative has been relatively smooth ...


Mendelssohn in the history of European music a "lucky", he has a very rich and happy family, my sister is a friend of his precious, he has his own band, you can always direct their own work, not a musician he had such conditions, he had the opportunity travel shows, met many famous musicians make contemporaries: Berlioz, Liszt, Chopin, his ten visits to England, has conducted the London Philharmonic Orchestra, as music director, conducted the famous cloth Leipzig Industry Hall concert conductor. During his lifetime to the world's attention. Although the conditions favorable, but he loves to indulge in music among the more hard work. Finally damaged the body, in 1847, died aged 38.。 Someone once said: "Beethoven's Violin Concerto, in essence, is a heroic, male; of the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto is essentially beautiful, female. If compared to the first Adam, so the latter is Eve. "The result of Mendelssohn's classical music tradition of concentrated learning, his style of music with classical music in the romantic and elegant beauty. Creating exquisite poetic in a strict layout.　　This is particularly reflected in his piano pieces in the songs without words. In addition, as a composer, Mendelssohn was also known as the oldest value excavated one of Bach's music, his 20 ...


<岁时指挥演奏了巴赫的《马太受难乐》，将巴赫的伟大揭示出来，成为人们称道的一个历史功绩。他还曾和舒曼等人于1842年创办了莱比锡音乐学院。
----- 主要作品列表：
仲夏夜之梦Op.61 (1842)Ein Sommernachtstraum><德>


A calm sea voyage and happy Op ... 27 (1828), Calm sea and prosperous voyage..


<英>


<英>


<英>Italian Symphony Op. .90 (1831 / 3) Italian symphony. .


<英>


<英>Reformation Symphony Op. .107 (1830) Reformation symphony. .


<英>Paulo Op ... 36 (1836), St.. Paul。.


<英>


<英>


<英>Trumpet Overture Op. .101 (1825) Trumpet overture. .


<英>Prelude to the Finger hole Op ... 236 (1830) Ouverture "Die Fingals-Hohle.".


Hunting Song Op. .19-3 (1830) Jagerlied. .


<德>


<英>Venice Barcarolle (a) Op. .19-6 Venezianisches Gondellied I. .


<德>





<德>Ride the wings of songs Op ... 34-2 (1834) Auf Flugeln Dec Gesanges..


<德>May breeze Op. .62-1 (1844) May breezes. .


<英>Song of spring Op ... 62-6 (1842) Fruhlingslied ...


<德>


<德> Spinnng Song 。.


<英>Tarantella Op. .102-3 (1845) Tarantelle. .


<法>


<西>


　　Works with the song-oriented, strong Spain folk style, living in North America during the work is well received by Cuba, Mexico, the Caribbean influence of folk song, which was representative of the peoples of the world like the Dove is the work of this period. Set main works are the songs of the Spain of the flowers and the Spain of the repercussions, such as..





<西>Chopin (Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin) (wave) 1810-1849----great Poland musicians loved since childhood Poland's folk music, wrote the age of seven the Poland of dance music, eight years old the stage, the age of 20 have become recognized pianist and composer in Warsaw. Life at Poland subjugation, crossed in a foreign country, wrote many piano works of patriotism, to express their love, homesickness and subjugating the hate.. .


Does not leave the piano in Chopin's life, all creations are almost exclusively piano music, known as the "poet of the piano". He always collecting money for fellow performances abroad, noble performances were reluctant. 1837 remarks deny Russia awarded him "his Majesty the Emperor of Russia's Chief pianist" posts. Shuman says his music as "hiding in bushes of a piece of artillery", to announce to the world: "Poland will not." Late life is lonely, painfully claiming to be "far away from the mother's Poland orphans". Dying ask their loved ones returned to the motherland his heart ...


----- Chopin Romantic musical language is a typical one of the creators, their artistic style is characterized by Caprice, arbitrary, even the smallest detail is also very charming and full of features, beautiful melodies and rich harmonies woven into his own fantasy-like form, its structure and freedom to the romantic melodies and harmonic language of music itself provides the main ingredient. His most prominent achievement was the perfect proportion of piano songs, delicate, chic and full of lyrical taste, sound fine, decorative applications to enrich the harmony melody texture. Realm of more than harmony at its traditional boundaries, rich color of (such as modulation, chromatic harmony of).


---- List of major works:. .





<法>Fantasy that is interested in Op. .66 (1834) Fantaisie-impromptu. .


<法>Prelude (vi) the Op ... 28-6 (1838-9), Prelude No ... 6.


<法>


<法>Raindrop prelude Op ... 28-15 (1838-9) Raindrop ...


<英>


<法>Black key Etude Op ... 10-5 (1830) Black-key Etude..


<英>Revolutionary Etude Op. .10-12 (1831) Revolutionary etude. .


<英>Cowboy Etudes Op ... 25-1 (1836), Shepherd boy Etude..


<英>Funeral March Op. .35 (1839) Fumeral march sonata. .


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<法>Nocturne (e) Op. .15-2 (1830 / 1) Nocturne No. .5. .


<法>


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<法>


<法>


<法>Gorgeous Waltz Op.. 18 (1831), Grande Valse brillante..


<法>Puppy Waltz Op. .64-1 (1846 / 7) Valse No. .6 "Petit chien". .


<法>


<法>Berceuse Op. .57 (1843) Berceuse. .


<法>Boat song Op ... 60 (1845/6) by Barcarolle< >..


Girl's desire Op. .74-1 (1829) Zyczenie. .


<波> Madchens Wunsch 。.


<德>Nicholas (Carl Otto Ehrenfried Nicolai). .


<德>


---- Major works: The Merry Wives of Windsor Overture (1847) Ouverture "Die Iustigen Weiber von Windsor". .


<德>. 1840 Doctor of Philosophy by the University of Jena in 1843 went to the Leipzig Conservatory of Music faculty. 1844 ~ 1850, moved to Dresden to continue to engage composer and conductor. Due to mental illness becoming more serious plunge rescued in 1854, two years later died in a mental hospital. .





Description and his own inner life is the basic theme of Schumann creation, focusing on the characterization of complex mental activity, reflecting the feelings of endless wealth, beauty and strength. .


-----Main works of Schumann:..


(1) Piano Solo: Sonata 3, "Fantasia" and Etudes, Impromptus, Romances, totaling more than seventy first. .





(3) the organ or piano using the keyboard with the foot: the name of Bach (Bach)-based Fugue 4. .





(5) chamber music: three quartets, three trios, Trio "Fantasia" 4, Piano Quartet, Piano Quintet, Piano, Clarinet (or Violin) and Viola's "fairy tale", two violin sonatas, viola and Piano's "fairy tale scenario", cello and piano style ditty five songs, Oboe and Piano Romances 3, clarinet and piano of "Fantasia", French horn and piano, "Adagio and Allegro." .





(7) Theatre: Opera "Genuofeiwa" Byron's "Manfred" music. .





---- List of major works:. .


Scenes from childhood Op ... 15 Kinderscenen..


<德>Scenes of childhood. .


<英>Abegg variations Op ... 1 (1830) Abegg variations ...


<英>Butterfly Op. .2 (1829/31) Butterflies. .


<英>David dance of allies Op ... 6 (1837), Dances of the David-leaguers) curvature ...


Carnival Op. .9 (1834) Carnival. .


<英>Paganini Etudes (1832/3) Paganini Etudes..


<英>Symphonic Etudes Op. .13 (1834) Symphony studies song. .


Manfred Op ... 15 (1848/9), Manfred ...


Kreisleriana, Op. .16 (1838) Kreisleriana. .


Novellette Op ... 21 (1838) Novellete ...


<法>Carnival in Vienna play Op. .26 (1839) Carnival prank from. .


<英>Spring Symphony Op ... 38 (1841) Spring Symphony ...


<英>Women love and life Op. .42 (1840) Woman's love and life. .


<英>Love of the poet Op ... 48 (1840) Poet ' s love ...


<英>Heaven and fairy Op. .50 (1843) Paradise and the peri. .


<英>Rhine Symphony Op ... 97 (1850/1), Rhenish Symphony ...


<英>Keno fee baby Genoveva. .


Arab style Op ... 18Arabesque ...


Why Op. .12-3 Warum. .


<德> Why 。.


<英>Franz Liszt (Liszt Ferencz). .


<匈>1811-1886-----Hungary composer, pianist, conductor. With brilliant piano in his early years arts be famous in European countries, but also engaged in the creation and review. Most of his creation clearly reflects the country, people, passion for life and nature, embodies the characteristics of strong national spirit. Liszt's piano performance was greatly enriched, give full play to the piano playing techniques and solo, piano music not only has the lyric essays in the poetic and chamber music, but also has a magnificent grandeur of symphonic and brilliant results. He advocates a new title, together with Berlioz music.. His main works are: symphonic poem "Tasso," "Prometheus," Symphony "Faust", 19 "Hungarian Rhapsody" and a lot of Etudes, Piano song, "Love Dream" and so on. .


----List of major works:..


Prelude S. .97, R. .414 (1848) Les preludes. .


<法>Travel days years of travel ...


<英>Dante Sonata (1837) Dante sonata. .


<英>Paganini Etudes (1838) Paganini Etudes..


<英>Super Etudes (1851) Transcendental etues. .


<英>Heard in the mountains (1848), What one hears in the mountains ...


<英>Triangle Concerto (1849) Triangle concorto. .


<英>Tasso s.. 96, r.. 413 (1849), Tasso Lamento e trlonfo ...


<意>Hero's Funeral (1850) Heroide Funebre. .


<法>Love's young dream (1850) Love ' s dream..


<英>Orfeo Orpheus. .


Through bitter (1879), Via Crucis..


<拉>Ma Jiepa S. .100, R. .417 (1854) Symphonische Dichtung "Mazeppa". .


Hungary Rhapsody (b) s.. 244-2 r.. 106-2 (1847) Ungarische Rhapsodie No ... 2.


<德>Hungarian Rhapsody (f) S. .244-6, R. .106-6 (1853) Ungarische Rhapsodie No. .6. .


<德>Prometheus (1855), Prometheus ...


Rakosi March Rakoczy march. .


<英>Dante Symphony (1856), Dante Symphony ...


<英>Hun of war (1857) The battlo of huns. .


<英>Ideal (1857) Die Ideale..


<德>Bell (1838) La campanella. .


<意>Meifeisite Waltz (a) (1860) Erster Mephisto-Walzer..


<德>Love Dream (1850) Liebestraume. .


<德>Gran mass (1855) Gran mass ...


<英>Faust Symphony (1857) Faust symphony. .


<英>From the cradle to the grave (1882) From the cradle to the grave ...


<英>Thomas (Ambroise Thomas). .


<法>1811-1896----1811 this year, his father was a musician from the MUI is hereby. When Thomas was brought up in studying the text began to study music. At the Paris Conservatory, teaching in Lesueur and follow Kalkbrenner learning the piano. In 1832, the obtained Roman music award, Italy living in that time, he began to create some indoor works. In 1837, started writing patterns, and build success. In particular the launch of the Opera the Mi Nong, Thomas made a brilliant glory is..


---- List of major works:. .


Ouverture Mignon (1866) Ouverture "Mignon.".


<法>(Also translated as "rice Lennon Overture" of). .


Gavotte Gavotte..


Wagner (Richard Wagner). .


<德>


Wagner is the founder of large orchestral, Opera has major reforms. First, it suggests a opera composer to take part in Screenwriting, General Director of the Opera and, secondly, he stressed the predetermined chords are the basis of Opera; third, he works in the kernel is the continuous development of melodies, melodies used have a gentle and melodic music effect, rare normal termination of the music. Wagner in the exploration and development of their predecessors on the brass of the study, found a reasonable basis for brass ensemble sound, saxophone and organ, trumpet, trombone mix together issued a harmonious sound.. .


He of representative works has niebelungen of rings under, and Lai T?V Rheinland of gold under, and female Fukatsu under, and Wagner: Siegfried under, and all God of twilight under, 11 Department Opera, 9 first Overture, 1 Department Symphony, 4 Department Piano Sonata and the large chorus song, and art songs,, and wrote has art and revolution under, and Opera and drama under, several on opera reform of works..


---- List of major works:. .


Siegfried-ldyll (1870) Siegfried-ldyll ...


<德>


<英>The Twilight of the gods twilight of the gods ...


<英>


<德>Tannhauser Tannhauser..





<德>The mastersingers of Nuremberg The mastersingers of Nuremberg..


<英>


Floating Shitoku Overture (1840) Faust-Ouverture ...


<德>


<英>Ring of the niebelungen (1853/74), The Rhine gold..


<英>Lohengrin Prelude to Act I (1848) Vorspiel 1 Aufzug zu "Lohengrin". .


<德>Lohengrin Act III prelude (1848) Vorspiel 3 Aufzug zu "Lohengrin"..


<德>


<德>March (1844) to Grand March..


<英>


<德> Evening star。.


<英>Verdi (Giuseppe Verdi). .


<意>1813-1901----Italy great opera composer. Verdi was born on October 10, 1813 in Italy Parma augmentation high Doppler, 5 months later than Wagner, born in Leipzig. His father was a local hotel owners and grocer. This is a family of poor rural households. His father sent him to a nearby riding a shoemaker's House, where he was learning organ, Philharmonic and the town. When he was the town people when rushed to the Conservatory of Milan, but was rejected, was refused because of his age is too large (more than 14 years of age).


Never been trained, the lack of musical ability. He returned to Buse Tuo, and later began to write his first opera, "Obey Alto Count Bonifacio", the play in 1839 at age 26 he performed at La Scala Opera House, the success of the opera , so that he was a creation of three new opera contract, jumped from the Italian first-class composer. Austria was ruled out of Italy is in the tide of the revolution, his own opera, "Lombard", "El Nanni", "Al-economic tension," "Lieniyanuo campaign" and other songs and the revolutionary encourage people to struggle together, the "master of the Italian revolution of music," said. .


50 's was the peak of his creative period, wrote the Rigoletto, and the tour of the poet, and the Camellias, and the masquerade ball, including seven operas, laid the status of the master of the Opera. After Egypt of the Governor, for the creation of the Suez Canal navigable ceremony of the Aida. In his later years based on Shakespeare's Othello and the faersitafu was script writing ...


Creative life of 26 operas, make good use of the Italian civil tone, orchestral effect is very rich, especially to characterize vivid description of the dramatis personae of the desire, personality, inner world, consequent with a strong moving force, making him the world One of the most popular opera composer. .


----List of major works:..





<意>Aida Aida ...





Ernani Ernani..


<意>Hernani. .


<法>Falstaff Falstaff..





<英>Louise ... Miller, Luisa Miller ...





Masquerade Masked ball ...


<英>Othello Otello; Othello. .


Rigoletto Rigoletto..





<英>Western dream.. Simon.boccanegra Simon ... boccanegra..





<意> The wayward one。.


<英>


<意> Thetronbadonr。.


<英>


<英>Cournot (Charles Francois Gounod).


<法>。 Leaving Italy Hou, he visited Vienna, where he wrote a number of religious works, and their conduct, in St. Charles Church play. In 1842 after return to Paris, was appointed as a foreign mission (Missions Etrangeres) chorus, also organizes "Cournot choir". Since then, due to the religious sense, his Saint Sulpice (Saint-Sulpice) of theological study Seminary took part in the two learning, but did not accept the Holy, learning to continue after the end of 1848 as the chorus. For the Catholic faith, he wrote a large number of religious works.. In 1852, he served as the United Choral Society Russian ear Feiang command. 1870 Franco-Prussian War forced him to leave Paris, to London for a few years. After returning to France in 1875, concentrated on religious music creation. 1882 completed the oratorio "salvation" (The Redemption), 1885 completed his last opera, a good "Life and Death" (Mors et Vita). October 17, 1893, died in Paris near Shengke Lu (St.. Cloud). .


　　Cournot is France famous opera writer, wrote 12 operas, these works high, is the most successful of the Faust, music simple and plain, rich adapter cleverly, is a 19th century latter half of Germany on behalf of the Lyric Opera. Other than Opera, he also wrote many songs, which according to Bach's prelude and creation of the Magnificat in c major, sing so far does not weaken. National anthem of the Inno e Marcia Pontificale of the Vatican, as well as his work ...





Valse Faust (1859), Valse "Faust.".


<法>Soldiers march (1859). .


Magnificat (1859) Are Maria ...


Serenade (1855) Serenade. .


<法>Faust Faust..


Romeo and Juliet Romro and Juliet. .


Antonio Bazzini (Antonio Bazzini.).


<意>1818-1897 famous works are:. .


Dance of demon OP ... 25 La Ronde des lutins..


<法>


<法>1819-1880----France, classical operetta composer co-founder. Origin Germany, Cologne synagogue musician's son. From small studies cello, 1833 in the Paris Conservatory, and dropped out after one year, Fiddler of the Opera. 1839 first appear in theatre music composer. Lives has written 102 Paris Theatre stage musical, mostly light opera, Zeng Xiong PA music scene in Paris; some allege to subtle strokes on politics and the second empire "polite society" bourgeois fashion satire. He is considered to be a truly understand musical beauty, shining spirit of the rare composers of music.


----Major works:..


Heaven and Hell Overture (1858) Orphee aux enfers. .


<法>Orpheus Orpheus in the underworld of hell ...


<英>The Tales of Hoffmann The tales of Hoffmann. .


<英>Boat song (1877/80) Barcarolle..


<法>Sobey (Franz von Suppe). .


<奥>1819-1895----Franz-von-Supe (Franz von Suppe,1819-1895), Austria composer, conductor. With his ancestral hometown in Belgium who, after moved to Italy. Youth have been good at playing the flute, 13 years studying harmony, age 14 began composing. Follow mother and moved to Vienna, and entered the Conservatory of Vienna. After graduation, mainly as a conductor at the Vienna Theatre functions..


The writing style easy to clean, elegant and nice. Works to light opera, comedy music and dance based, a total of more than two hundred department. He is the founder of the Vienna operetta one genre. Representative works of light opera "Light Cavalry Overture", "Poet and Peasant Overture" and so on. .


----Major works:..


Light Cavalry Overture Leichte Kavallerie. .


<德>Poet and peasant Overture (1846), Dichter und Bauer ...


<德>Queen of Spades Overture (1862) Pique Dame. .


<法> Die Kartenaufschlagerin。.


<德>Early in the evening in Vienna Overture (1844) Ouverture "Ein Morgen, ein Mittag, ein Abend in Wien". .


<德>Prelude to the beauty of Galatia (1865) Die Schone Galathea..


<德>Doppler (Albert Franz Doppler). .


<匈>1821-1895 Hungary flutist, composer. Young is learning flute, the stage for the first time the age of 13. In 1838, principal flute of the Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra. At one point after serving as Honorary Professor at the Vienna School of music for flute. He's playing and writing a number of brilliant flute concertos for solo, flute music made a great contribution to the development of ...


He has also to Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsody" adapted into orchestral music so well known. The representative works for the flute concerto "Hungarian Pastoral Fantasy." .


----Major works:..


Hungarian Pastoral Fantasy OP. .26 Fantaisie pastorale hongroise. .


<德>　。.


This is the most popular people in the world of the flute solo, and its scale rather oriental style, height plays a flute performance. Qu rural color is extremely strong, with gypsy music, dance style made Charles Erda Shi. Music is divided into three sections: the first paragraph: Andante. D minor, 6 / 8 beat. First, a prelude to clear, then play the flute like a beautiful melody meditation; melody being muttered by the flute and singing, playing through the ornate decoration techniques, the went back to the beginning of the melody; Finally, the competitive flute and orchestra, gradually jump after the climax, a strong end. The second paragraph: Allegretto moderato. D major, 4 / 8 beat.。　　Then music becomes slightly faster, through a decorative end after playing. The third paragraph: the Allegro ma non troppo. Orchestral prelude at the beginning, then played the flute dance like a brisk melodies, give a very warm feeling. This melody music-centric, richly-skills development, become medium-speed towards the end, after decoration played back on the Allegro, a brilliant ending song ...


Musharraf (Joseph Joachim Raff). .


<德> 1822-1882 Germany composers. Born in Switzerland and was a primary school teacher, and taught himself to play piano, violin, composer. Their early works are Mendelssohn's high praise. In 1844, at the recommendation of Mendelssohn, who first published his two piano pieces. In 1850, he as Liszt's Assistant. After 1877 served as Dean of the Conservatory in Frankfurt. Work style lighter, with strong lyrical ...


Created a total of eleven of his life symphony, string quartet eight, while a large number of piano music, orchestral suites, overtures, songs and choral music and so on. Representative works for the Lyric Pieces "card that cutting City" (with instrumental music and the violin solo, and other versions). .


----Major works:..


"Ka Wadi that OP. .85-3 (1859) Cavatina. .


<意> kavatine。.


<德>": Violin solo in the fine, often in the form of orchestral music. On Musharraf, was a prolific composer, his works number over two hundred, only eleven of Symphony on the left as much. However, still frequently played, only the first pieces of this song only. The so-called card cutting pedicle that is a lyrical ballad, usually adapted from the opera arias. This song is pretty close to the very small Andante Largo, D major, 4 / 4 beats, three sections of the body structure. Lyrical theme, beautiful cantabile; in the middle also has a beautiful melody, the theme of variation in the form of Youyi; followed the theme of passion to start form.。.


Hauser (Miska Hauser). .


<匈>1822-1887----famous works:..


Lullaby OP. .85-3 Chanson du berceau. .


<法>Lalo (Victor Antoine Edouard Lalo).


<法>1823-1892 ---- important French composer of the Spanish masterpiece 『』 Symphony and orchestral music, chamber music and so on. Main works: Islamic king The king of ys. .


<英> ; Spain Symphony Op ... 21 Spanish Symphony ...


<英>Smetana (Bedrich Smetana). .


<捷>!824-1884----Czech composer, and piano home and command home, and Czech classical music Foundation who beideruihe·simeitana, in on March 2, 1824 was born in Czech Southeast of lituomaixi.. simeitana of music to since childhood on has revealed: four age began learn violin, next year will can participate in Quartet playing Haydn of works, six age public playing piano and began tries to composer.. Middle School graduated Hou, he study music, to 1843 he has decided to dedicated Yu music career has.. 1844-1847, and to Prague apprentice learning... . Smetana truly art world recognition, but in few years later, the turning point of which is the revolutionary events of 1848. .


When the 1848 Revolution broke out, reality directly under the influence of the simeitana in the full swing of revolution, created a series in a very short period of time reflecting the work of this great event, including the first revolution in March, the national law of the two Squire of March and the song of freedom; the revolutionary give strength to simeitana, to help him realize that promote forward thinking and the art of reality function ...


1856-1861 years, Smetana lived abroad most of the time --- living in Gothenburg, Sweden, where symphony orchestras and concert conductor, but also to Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands and other places successfully piano. . These five years, Smetana's creations in the development of two lines: on the one hand, he continued to experience early piano music created on, he is full of poetic 捷克波尔卡 dance form written "recalls Czech" piano divertimento; other On the one hand, his creative use of Liszt's symphonic poem of the genre, wrote "Richard III" (Shakespeare), "Wallenstein's Camp" (Schiller) and "Royal ? Haakon" (Yi Lunshen Nigel). .... The spring of 1861, simeita it back to Prague, this almost never left the capital of the Czech ... He for 1862 established of "temporary Theatre" continuing to writing Opera, including description 13th century Czech people fight Germany seigniors this a facts of Brandenburg people in Czech under (1863), and reflect Czech people optimistic spirit of is betrayed of bride under (1866), and take shiwu century of legend to stressed liberation struggle thought of daliboer under (1867) and description ancient Czech wise of female Sheriff of epic to praises people of immortal exploits of Ribs under (1872),..


During this time, Smetana often work two or three simultaneously writing, a work not yet completed, other works have also begun; in writing the opera, it is also written choral music for the choir, the idea of the piano music and large-scale symphonic music. ... For this, he had to resigned from the theatre command of duties, live in seclusion country concentrate on writing, in he life of last ten years among, continues to writes he of landmark of Symphony poetry I of motherland under, and four Department Opera---Kiss under (1876), and secret under (1878), and Ghost wall under (1882) and Mikania ora under (1884, only writes first curtain), and and series piano, and chamber music and chorus works..


May 12, 1884, Smetana finally finish his life's path, died of a mental hospital in Prague, Czech Republic buried in Visegrad famous Temple of the cemetery. .


Simeitana role in the history of Czech classical music, you can with the Glinka in Russia compared to the status of the history of music, simeita that are often referred to as "the Czech green card", this was indeed his very appropriateness of assessment ...


----- Major works:. .


Fuertawahe (1874), Vltava..


<捷>Plains and forests of Bohemia (1875) From Bohemias meadows and Forests. .


<英>Prelude to the sell-out of the bride (1863) Ouvertura "Prodana neveta.".


<捷>The Bartered Bride The bartered bride. .


<英>Dalibor Dalibor..


My life From my life. .


<英>The Kiss Kiss ...


<英>Cloth homes Libuse. .


My country (1874/9) My country ...


<英>Polka (1863) Polka. .


Furiant (1863) Furiant..


<捷>Circus performers of the dance (1863) Tanz der komodianten. .


<德>Bruckner (Anton Bruckner).


<奥>1824-1896 ---- Austrian composer and organist, born 安斯斐尔登, eleven-year-old organ and music theory study, thirteen-year-old into the church choir, twenty-year-old church organist either. For the nine symphonies and a large number of religious music, including the Fourth Symphony ("romanticism") and the Seventh Symphony is quite famous. The symphony often with strong religious overtones and significant organ sound, the religious faith, reflected among the most ambitious musical forms.。.


The symphony style, starting from Beethoven, Bach polyphony from the starting area, but also with the ancient traditional techniques symphony Chorale factors together. These features make his contemporaries of Brahms's style is similar, but not as good as the latter's music has so much influence. In recent years, the time seems to have been a Bruckner symphony, again sounded in the concert hall. Serious work to get the United States from the feelings of the audience, increasingly visible in Western Europe. .


----Major works:..


Symphony No. Zero (1864) Symphony No. .0. .


<英>Wagner symphonies (1873/7) the Wagner Symphony ...


<英>Romantic Symphony (1874) Romantic symphony. .


<英>The tragic Symphony (1875/7) Tragic Symphony ...


<英>Philosophy (1879/81) Philosophic. .


<英>Symphony of enlightenment (1884/7) the Apocalyptic Symphony ...


<英>Unfinished Symphony (1891 / 6) Unfinished symphony. .


<英>Albain (Jean-baptist Arban.).


<法>1825-1889 --- Alban is a fine cornet player, he was in Paris in 1841-1845 School of Music to study trumpet Dauverne, Alban also small in the command has done, first in command of the then popular a small salon orchestra reputation, and later also in Opera command.。 Since 1873, Albain annual concert in St Petersburg command, in 1874, he resigned from the position of the Music Academy in Paris, leave teaching position with Maury, and more mind in terms of command; and on the occasion of 1880 death of Maury, Albain go back to the Paris Conservatory of music Professor continue to short number, up until his death in 1889. Albain are established modern schools of playing the trumpet.


----Main work: variations on The Carnival of Venice Venice Carnival Fantasy ...


<英>


<奥> 1825-1899-----Austria composer, a small house and conductor John Strauss, born in Vienna on October 25, 1825 in a musician family ... old father John Strauss is one of the dance music composer in Vienna ...


1844, nineteen year old John - Strauss has been with a team of fifteen-member band, he performed his own works, with his father's band to rival the. .1849 Year, after the death of old John, Little John will be responsible for leading his father's band, since then, he kept writing songs, playing the violin in order to command his own band, received numerous domestic and international invited to engage around the regular tour. .。.


John - Strauss's life entirely spent in the creation and performance, he played the command and glory glow, whom the audience can feel good; his works have won many composers such as Berlioz, Liszt, Bo Donald, Feng - Biao Luo and Wagner spoke highly of the closure - Biao Luo has called him "a wonderful magic home" and that "he personally directed the play his own works, so I got an unprecedented musical enjoyment." . John ? Strauss on June 3, 1899 died in Vienna, when he was seventy four. .


John-Strauss of works total total 500 first around, main is some life dance sexual music, including Waltz, and polka dance, and March and some light opera,.. he creation of core is Waltz, he created typical of "Vienna Waltz" this a fan type, makes it has real artistry of features, so complete has this originating from even DELE dance of Austria civil dance song body of deepening and development process..


----- Major works:. .


He has representative of Waltz, including blue of Danube under, and artist of career under, and Vienna forest of story under, and wine, and love and songs under, and spring of sound under and Emperor under,, are is in he marriage Hou creation Shang of mature and peak period writes of.. in 60 generation Offenbach of light opera in Paris and Vienna staged success of effect Xia, especially in 1872 visit beauty performances Hou, Johann Strauss seems to be obvious see light music and dance music of limitations, so he instead in light opera creation aspects effort---from 1870 pull out up nearly 30 years during, he writes has 16 Department light opera, and a Department Opera and one Ballet plays... . 1848 revolution in Europe have swelled over the sincere passion of John ? Strauss, who wrote "Freedom Song", "Song of the barricade", "Revolution March", "Students March" and "Bloomberg national past Guards march "and so commanded the" Marseillaise, "the show, said that in this period, he always wore at home and abroad performing in Vienna long civil guards of the band uniforms, beloved by the people. .


-----List of major works:..


Bat Overture OP. .362 (1874) Ouverture "Die Fledermaus". .


<德>Prelude to the Gypsy Baron (1885) Ouverture "Der Zigeunerbaron"..


<德>


<德>Song of love Waltz Op ... 114 (1852) Liebeslieder..


<德>


<德>Morgen Blatter Op ... 279 (1862) Morgen Blatter ...


<德>


<德>The Blue Danube Waltz Op ... 314 (1867), An der schonen, Blauen Donau..


<德>


<德>Story of the Vienna Woods Op ... 325 (1868) Geschichten aus dem Wienerwald..


<德>


<德>Joyous vocals Waltz Op ... 340 (1870) Freut Euch den Lebens..


<德>


<德>Vienna Waltz Op temperament ... 354 (1872), Wiener Blut..


<德>


<德>Oh ... beautiful May Waltz Op ... 375 (1877) o Schoner..


<德>Southern Rose Waltz Op. .388 (1880) Rosen aus dem Suden. .


<德>Voices of Spring Waltz Op ... 410 (1882/3) Fruhlingsstimmen ...


<德>


<德>The Emperor Waltz Op ... 437 (1889) Kaiser-Walzer ...


<德>


<德>Chatting polka Op ... 214 (1858) Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka ...


<德>


<德>Thunder rumbles and lightning flashes polka Op ... 324 (1868) Unter Donner und blitz ...


<德>


<德>Auf der jagd Op ... 373 (1875) Auf der Jagd ...


<德>


<德>Perpetual motion Op ... 257 (1861) Perpetuum Mobile..


<拉丁>


Folk music of Italy, Venetian boat song, tap in the streets of Naples minor Orchid Thai dance, the dance music, for a long time people have regarded them as folk music. In fact, they are mainly urban music gradually urban folk music after or into the city. After the second world war, musical Ethnology scientists began sampling and systematic in-depth studies on Italy's folk music. They think that Italy's folk music can be divided into 4 areas: ① Eastern Mediterranean (Southern) region. Its features are based on clear melody (rather than a Cadence or rhythm) is based. Adjustable systems is minor in nature, it may be the Middle East and India effect.. ② north. The triad of the chord melody based. Mode for the modern major and several minor, gorgeous and a decorative tunes, often polyphonic chorus, there are strict rhythmic pattern, mostly sub-section song form. ③ central region. Beautiful melodies, full of decorative, mostly solo, vocalization means of Northern and Southern ways the two, the rhythm, there are strict and free, the lyrics are mostly lyrical. ④ Sardinia region. A complex multi-part structure of the quartet, lead singer began singing with other voices do not sing the lyrics, just sing nonsense syllables ("ping Bala, table Bala"). Singers voice is deep, gorgeous tunes, and more ornamentation, similar to Spain - the Arab style. .


Professional music Italy early development of the professional music, has inherited the ancient Greece the Roman musical culture, closely related to Christianity. 4th century BC, the ancient Greece yalishiduosainuosisheng music theorists in Italy Taranto, which later became the music and cultural center of Rome. Music in addition to band music of ancient Rome, a highly developed sense of music and drama music comes from ancient Greece ...


The Middle Ages from the 4th century, Christian worship, the music dominates. Jewish day class to sing "Psalms," which, from Syria, the addition of the "alternate chorus," and used from ancient Greece and Syria a "hymn" form. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan this basis, the ranking of a set of Ambrose chant. Late 6th century, Pope Gregory I, selected from some of the typical church music song tune, singing the rules developed, compiled by the singing and chants throughout the school set up to promote them (see Su Song). This collection of hymns and assign work to continue in the 7th century, St. Ambrose was also collected, including most of the chant.。 But in the AIR is excluded because it was compiled and local features, has caused the revolt of the local church. For example, Milan Churches retain their secular AIR ...


9th century, the French "Xikun Si" (Prose coloratura song tune) and "Trop" (Lyric coloratura song tune) prevalent in Italy, by the Church against, except for a few songs transferred, the remaining total ban sung. Medieval music notation symbols are used, but can not show that the exact interval. 10th century, Guido (Arezzo) notation invented the cable, he also created a six-roll sound of the scale method, a roll-call scale popular method today is to come from its improvement. .


Prior to the 8th century secular music, and today has no way of textual criticism. Judging from the 19th century symbol of secular music spectrum of discovered, Latin lyrics, rhythm than religious music complex. 11th century France singing poets into Italy, near Italy there have also been chanting poets. They are not limited to, court services, class services to the public. They sing more content for the Secularization of religious poems. 12, 13th century Italy singing poets of great prosperity, rich in Melody, but because it is the things which have been lost.. .


After the Renaissance in 14th century, as the public sections of the awakening, in Florence Centre, music of the early Renaissance style "Art Nouveau" era, lays the secularity of two voices, three voices of lyric songs (such as pastoral, Balata), custom songs (such as hunting song) and instrumental basis for prosperity. At that time is the most important composers of organ music of Florence, the blind musician f.. Landini. A quantitative notation method has spread. Only recognizes three-and six-degree in music composition, disable parallel five and eight degrees; feeling of counterpoint and poetry combined with very closely. Pastoral instrumental accompaniment, Balata is the three-stage structure, hunting songs as a musical form.. . Zha Linuo that was a famous music theorist. Accompaniment of the late 15th century is a new genre of secular song, "Florentino Torah," the boom period, the mid-16th century and it has produced a similar "Weilaneila." Establish the harmony of the songs on the main theme music is important. The author of more than from the public sectors, their works reflected the humanist view of the world. .


16th century Italy because of Flemish composers of music a.. Villars settled in Venice and be further developed. He is the originator of the Venetian school, as well as a Duet and instrumental Celka (Fugue), founder of. Viyralt and his disciples to "Robert Frost Toral" combined with the Flanders School of music in polyphonic skill, creating a new pastoral. Venice music party contribution to later l pastoral ... Marenzio, c ... c and Gesualdo.. creation of Monteverdi to great effect. These 3 musicians complete the final stages of pastoral development (late 16th century to the early 17th century).. In the above development, they generally use the Aiaoliya Ionian tuning and debugging, so that major scale and minor scale will be greatly enhanced status. .


After Viyralt, a.. added buliaili and his nephew g.. adding buliaili developed a unique style of the Venetian school: clear, extensive use of decoration techniques, choral and instrumental ensemble (organ music, live bands and ensembles) contrasts. Keyboard, musical instruments, stringed instruments, wind instruments of an on-going reforms, there have been reformers of various musical instruments. N ... Amati, a, ... Stradivari, g.. guar 3 people perfect position on the violin manufacturing process. O.. Petrucci (1466~1539) invented the new printing by using, promoting the dissemination of music.. .


The other hand, the composer g.. P ... Luo Male headed da Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da, developed the unaccompanied voice chorus of the Catholic church music. For the lyrics of clear, he simplifies the polyphony, bring them closer to secular music in the Renaissance period set forth in the chord type written. His exemplary choral works are particularly pure and clear, tranquil solemnness..


The late 16th century in Tuscany, Ferrara and Florence have set off a combination of drama and music movement, but also from polyphony to homophony process of change. In Florence, the theorist V. . Ghali Lay-led "Florence partnership" art group, asked to get rid of Greek Tragedy and Renaissance polyphony Netherlands overwhelming traditional influence, established the first Syrian-style opera singing form. The representative of the composer is J. . Perry, G. . Caccini and E. . De Cavalieri. Room Neikangtata the pastoral as the main base in Florence, Venice, Rome, Bologna and other places developed, in A. . Scarlatti in the creation of perfect forms.。 From f ... (1515~1595) of the "work" produced a cappella Opera sprout, then g.. Carissimi's creations have been further developed. As the popularity of Opera, in 1637 opened the public performance of the Opera House of Venice. Monteverdi was Premier of the Venice opera writer, he put the rich expressiveness of RECITATIVE, Aria, broad ensembles in a melting furnace, forming the so-called "impassioned" new style of Opera ...


Baroque and classical period at the turn of the 17th and 18th century opera moved to Naples from Venice Art Center. Naples led to Scarlatti Music School is the development of the opera genre, in the form of opera arias and overtures have a significant contribution to the development. But this genre later became vocalist concert to show off skills make-up, weakening the power of dramatic content. P. . Metastasio is the most famous 18th century opera script writer of the Italian opera made important contributions to the development. .


.


Into the 18th century Italian music from the Baroque to the Classical period of transition. Abolished in the creation of instrumental music composer digital bass and explore new genres. D. . Scarlatti affected by the French Rococo style, wrote many rich personality 哈普西科德 sonata. 1709 B. . Cristofori (1655 ~ 1731) invented the hammer hit the string with a small modern piano. M. . Clementi laid the foundation of modern piano technique. To G. . B. . Juan Antonio Tiny musicians, represented by Milan Symphony and string quartet writing, the first of its kind to open classical music. Outstanding cellist L. .。 18th century fun in Naples the Opera in the middle of a new genre of Opera. Its subject matter from urban and rural folk music close to folk music, is opposed to an opera of the nobility and imperial opera of civilians. It represents the most famous composers g.. B.. Pergolesi, g.. Paesiello, d ... Cimarosa..


19th-century opera and instrumental music of the 19th century Italian divided, politically reactionary and oppression by the alien, the development of this music had a negative impact. In addition to opera, the other areas of the musicians to foreign activities, violinist and composer N. . Paganini most prominent of his violin music (especially the "24 Caprices"), a beautiful cantabile, full of bold fantasy and ingenious ideas, develop a national style. His performances and creative, to Germany, Austria and France and other European Romanticism played an instrumental role in promoting. At this time thinking of opera composers tend progressive national liberation movement. For example, G. .。 V.. heroes of BELLINI Norma expressed the aspirations of the motherland for the liberation of the Opera, which had caused when the chorus performed strongly resonate with the audience. G.. Javad vaeedi patriotic dramas the Nabuco, and the first crusade expeditions of Lombardy, and the people in the Atila ARIA with chorus, has inspired Italy people's struggle for national liberation. Rossini, BELLINI and prolific composer of the Opera g.. Donizetti has revolutionized the Italy of the Opera musical language, making it close to the beautiful melodies of the folk songs on the pitch. Play a singer long tunes they are good at writing, history and called their "School of Bel Canto" (see Bel Canto) Opera writer.. Italian opera in the spirit of realism, in Rossini's "Barber of Seville" has been fully reflected. Music is play in the Wildy's "Rigoletto," "La Traviata" in the development and deepening. Wildy in his last three operas "Aida," "Othello," "Falstaff" in the plot lines and music fused in a furnace, the operatic realism to a higher stage. 70 to 80 years the 19th century, Italian opera and Wagner sent into Will Deepak period of struggle, when most of the young composer became the "Wagner fans" often flows in a simple imitation. Representatives of this school composers A. .。 At the end of 19th century Italy there was a new genre: the true doctrine of the Opera, on behalf of composers p ... Mascagni, r.. Leoncavallo and g.. Puccini. Their themes taken from the daily life of the Opera, heroes are oppressed small potatoes in the community. They praised Javad vaeedi and France g.. Bizet's realistic writing, plot of emphasizing the passion of music and drama, melody is smooth, easy. But often lack depth in their handling of subject matter, with a naturalist mark ...


Modern instrumental music in the late 19th century Germany, Italy, late Romantic and French renaissance began under the influence of Impressionism. At this time the most prominent is the pianist, composer F. . Busoni. His works draw on German J. . S. . Bach, R. . Schumann, F. . Mendelssohn, especially J. . Brahms tradition, and F. . Liszt and Wagner opposed. Houbusuoni the 20th century neo-classical advocates, in the next generation of composers A. . Casella further development of creative work. Casella is the early 20th century Italy, with important influence in the music industry figure, he organized the "Italian Society for Contemporary Music", to promote the Italian music of the "modernization."。 Italy revival is the most important composers of instrumental music o ... Respighi. He r on the adapter ... Strauss and the н.. а.. effect of Rimsky-Korsakov, in harmony on the France influence of Impressionism, on the structure of Germany music influences. Italy Contemporary Instrumental composers have g.. F.. Malipiero, he determined to carry forward from the Gregorian Gregorian chant since Italy music tradition, his orchestral symphony differently from the 19th century, is Italy with modern forms of classical Symphony, and can be seen in his creative transformation from Impressionism to neoclassical..


Creation in the modern opera, on behalf of composers is I. . Pize Di. His writing style is folk music in the study formed the basis of the classical tradition. 50 years he created in the 20th century opera, the Italian opera features the true doctrine and C. . Debussy style fine reading together. His later work, "the church massacre" and made him famous abroad. According to the German playwright Juarez Piji H. . Hope Terman subjects to write "Shen Chung" (1927), and later he turned to neoclassicism, the free adaptation of Monteverdi's opera "Orr Si Fu" (1935), etc., all have their own characteristics.。 His most famous opera is for a child's tale (1933). Alfredo Casella imitation Italy 18th century style of Comic Opera of the snake woman..


Time Fascist regime, the Italian composer by the so-called "national" and "historicism" the spell of publicity and coordination of political demands. Casella's mystery as "the temptation in the desert" to the grand style of landscaping Italian invasion of Abyssinia. L. . 达拉皮科拉 is firmly opposed to the fascist regime and its arts policy. His one-act opera "Night Flight" (1940) and "Prisoner", in many countries, television.。.


40's are many composers, including Alessandro Del Piero Marley strict twelve-tone technique steering, while the 50's well-known C. . Tony (1922 ~), L. . Nono, B. . Maderna (1920 ~ 1973), L. . Berio (1925) are subject to post-A. . Von Wei Beien school and thought of the radical avant-garde composer. Nono, though with "avant-garde," one of the representatives of composers, but he believes in Marxism, recognized the need to understand the creation of art for the people. He cited his own creative attention to popular musical language, the use of distinctive folk dance rhythms; order to effect a strong and moving, he also used the white with that chorus.。 He wrote the Opera the narrow 1960 (1961), reflecting against the Algeria war. In recent years, the Connaught North Renaissance b.. Brecht's plays on the road to traditional continues to explore, and strive to achieve political drama of modern structures combined with a means of expression in music ...


The development of Western choral works, basically, the Evolution of the unity of the Western genre. So master the Western music. .


Flow development and its characteristics, performance and appreciation of choral works of special significance, helps to fully understand the chorus ...


Artistic heritage, but also help us to grasp the development direction of modern music. Further explore the choral works of all periods, the table. .


Play style features, is even more essential basics of conductor and singer, very conducive to rehearsals, performances, and chorus ...


Team training and construction. .


Composer manifested in the creation of the character called style personalities together to form similar or close to each other ...


The genre. In the same historical conditions, the artists thoughts and feelings and ways of thinking accessible, temperament, approach. .


Material easy to like and interact. Thus forming a kind of genre, which is typically genre to the origin of certain historical periods of ...


Result. May be a variety of genres at the same time, or close to, or confrontation, they play their music in the history of the impact, including from. .


During the domination of thought on behalf of the mainstream, known as the style. However, the formation and development of style does not obey ...


The division of the times, different styles of contemporary works can be sure of the style across different times. Moreover chorus. .


Birth of a work may be more specific. For example, songs by later generations of predecessors creation into choruses, the famous song has several ...


Versions of popular songs; sometimes little influence on the songs are compiled into choral works greatly enriched and expanded after the impact. Hop songwriter. .


Allocation it is possible to use a different genre of writing techniques, cleverly integrated among the works of a successful ...


Social and cultural phenomenon is complex and variable, a work style characteristics, can only come from specific studies to determine the work itself. .


.


Western chorus features basically follow the style of all periods of Western music history to master ...


First, the Renaissance period (1450-1600). .


15th century, the music services mainly in the religious teachings. Rise of Renaissance humanism and weakened the religious ...


Dominance of the music, the city of civilians and civilian advocates praise of secular and rational, to promote science, human services advocates music. .


Farmers follow the awakening, accelerated the collapse of the feudal system the music starts to civil society. The music gradually in the period from the Church ...


Tuning required to major, minor development, and even church music began to describe nature, to express the human feelings. In the form. .


And skill are polyphonic peak of development, the voices of the choir played an equally important role, and renders theme consists of a part, its ...


In order to follow his voice to imitate. Extensive use of acoustic consonance between the Department, and only when the mood was very excited carefully selected. .


Dissonance, semitone is avoided, the "climax" of such a concept is not terminated was barely visible, slow, gradual ...


Weak is not used. Missa this period and the motet or the impersonal nature can not be mixed with dramatic treatment. .


Without the use of wave vocals; slightly liberal secular music and pastoral, should also maintain some degree of restraint cannot ...


Bold. Rhythm carefully and in accordance with the lyrics of the need to arrange for stress, not to take the law of the strength of singing section, the speed must be done. .


Smooth smooth, proper control of compromise between the voices, voices of interlaced, wedged between tongue and, when you can rehearse to Renaissance ...


Of work. This period is a cappella choral works, using instruments only repeat chorus voices. .


Major composers: du fee, and okay Hai ', yisake, Gabriel, palaisitelina, pull flocculation (..


Faso), Moore, the Gibbons and so on. .


Second, the Baroque period (1600-1750).


This is from the feudal society of Europe during the transition to capitalism, sovereign country to prosperity, the court's power and financial resources. .


Expanded, ruler, keen to support arts, court music and prevalence of Salon music, serve the noble music show Deluxe ...


And delicate atmosphere, deliberately modified to become habits. But the musicians themselves living among the people, their social status is. .


Very low, and is the author of the music show ordinary people in misery, expressive, and embodies the musicians on the guest ...


View of the World's feelings and attitudes. Emergence and development of opera during this period is a sign of molding, oratorio, cantata and songs. .


, Suites, concertos, sonatas, and other styles appeared and gradually consolidate down, laying a foundation for birth of classical music ...


Basis. Baroque genre has in Italy, France, Germany and the UK prosperity, the emergence of a number of great influence on the body later. .


Music, like Alessandro Scarlatti, Uivar, Bach, Handel, and so on. Pursuit of expression and dynamics of Baroque music; emphasized emotion ...


Performance, drawing nourishment folk music, an increasingly important role in the expression of the melody, gradually increase the proportion of music melody, complex. .

















Ongoing; take full advantage of repose, the weak, the cut points, extension of stay in the role of sound, to give impetus to; crescendo and decrescendo not much. .








Simple, cheerful, lively, and Adagio is a broad, devout. Fast and slow is not. Handel at the end of our work ...





Mark is a breathing air intake is not free to extend. Chorus accompaniment staccato, bow strings, wind tonguing, preventing ...





Adjust chorus of singing tone in order to comply with the style ...


Due to the shelter and the impact of the court, baroque music flashy, virtuoso, and excessive pursuit of formal beauty of the weaknesses, to. .


Lacking sincere feelings. Chorus can be considered the art was formally established during this period, there is no shortage of classics ...


To make, but the feelings of Baroque music and modern big gap between master the art style is also more difficult. Today only. .


Few works of high artistic accomplishment of Baroque singing choir arrangements, this concert is a bit academic. ..


An important period for the past and, in particular pregnant with a glorious period of Classical Music, fully aware that it is very necessary. .


You want to ...


Main composers: Gabrieli, Peilv, Monteverdi, Schütz, Purcell, Scarlatti, Vivaldo. .


Subsections, Bach, Handel, b. Pergolesi, etc..


Third, the classical period (1750-1820). .


France bourgeois revolution affecting the whole of Europe, is also updated in the appearance of the art, and music from Court-centered ...


Aristocratic culture of liberation, to become an independent art. Bach, Handel Baroque represents the peak has been expelled. .


Gradually replaced by a new style of the classical period, produced in succession in the field of art law, such as cocoa, enlightenment, floating mad rush innovation ...


Tide. Abandoned the Rococo art of the great Baroque art, decoration of the grave into a tiny carved, to adapt to the court. .


Aristocratic aesthetic requirements, Mannheim school and the North German school. Reflects the Middle bourgeoisie that dissatisfaction with the status of the community to promote ...


Of the human personality and mood; mad onrush Gone with the Wind is the kind of further clean up the Enlightenment tendency to compromise and improved. Composer more. .


Emotions and aspirations of ordinary people, the pursuit of awareness towards nature and the rationalization of human emotions, revealing the ethics of human nature ...


Enlightenment values. Music is no longer the God of jewelry art or nobility, and works typifying the feelings of those areas of performance. .


, Aesthetics of sublime, beautiful tragedy, these principles have been set up, making music is often rich in philosophy. From the history of music ...


Interpretation of the classification of schools, the general view that the main theme of instrumental music is classical music into the school's logo. School for the ancient music of Mannheim. .


Opens the way to the code. Real Vienna is the pinnacle of classical music, this music is the representative of Haydn, Mozart ...


And Beethoven. Haydn's music with the popular touch and easy language and clever composition techniques for large-scale instrumental music laid the structural foundation. .


, Known as the father of the Symphony. Mozart showed true, crisp, optimistic Outlook reflects on a bright, happy ...


The pursuit of dramatic works compared the late conflict, civilians and critical praise of nobility. Bedouin. .


Finnish books more wealth to the conflict, demonstrated against unreasonably stubborn personality of social systems; works of musical structure..


Dense and deep introspective music, including a profound philosophy, he boldly breaking new bourgeoisie in the works reflect the rise. .


Advanced ideas in real terms--fought to win this theme to this day continues to inspire millions of listeners. Bedaux..


Finland implanted the chorus of his top known as the symphony's "Ninth Symphony." Features from the schools, the classical music. .


School's main contribution is the consolidation of instrumental music styles, genres and musical form, consolidating melody music system function and harmony, they inherit ...


The Renaissance and Baroque musical tradition, but also greatly push forward the development of Western music, Western music became extraordinary. .


The traditional focus on behalf of ...


Although the main achievements of Classical Music in instrumental music, the choral works relatively less prominent, but the characteristics of the music is. .


Consistent. Performance requirements are also different. Choral works of the classical period of cautious use of fast and slow speed mark.


Is a true and can not change. Crescendo and decrescendo of the use of more, but mostly in between a volume level. Weight. .


Complex of passage or a phrase, if the beginning of the present weak, to repeat the strong, this is an unwritten rule. No Concord and..


String to be addressed, clear cadence, and large, minor-type conversion and transfer distance between the transfer are fully exploited. .


Expressions, functions as a major driver of harmony. However, the feelings of the classical period music remains an introspective..


, Avoid over-exaggerated performances of these works a clear structure, Duanluofenming, subtle performance, the main use of contrast hand. .


Performance by conflicts or dramatic story, regardless of the content and emotions should be clearly aware of ...


Main Composer: Gluck, Haydn, Mozart, Cherubini, Beethoven and so on. .


Four, the romantic period (1820-1900).


Capitalist society into prosperity, technological and industrial development greatly, increasing polarization between rich and poor, artists. .


Dissatisfaction for reality, trying to attack on society, break the shackles of capitalism, then produced against traditional, habits, against forms of ...


Romantic art. Composers do not hire them for the noble kings of writing, and free to express their desire to create. .


Great emancipation, their heart to those who are dissatisfied with the ideal and struggle with the reality of the people, in pursuit of illusion, poetry ...





, Inject yourself fully in the work from the rich emotion, emphasizing the individuality liberation, more strongly reflect the reality of indifference and..





Songs and Opera's award-winning attention, a cappella has significantly fewer questions, choirs often appear in orchestral music, operas and other large ...





The Church and the Palace to become a very active part in social and cultural life. Choral works of this period emphasis on structure and color ...


, Almost all of the main theme of music, most of them have the title, composer, free use of dissonant chords, chromatic conducted ambiguous solution. .


, Ambiguous ending and far-transfer approach, to express yourself freely, express and the singer's subjective ...





, Mendelssohn and others advocated abiding principle of classical, maintain the rhythm of the specification and steady pace, but Wagner ...





More distinct acceleration, drops to recede, it refers to the emotional, this practice is in the works of the classical period ...





, Gradually slow and..





And fully express, you can also have greater freedom into the performer's subjective feelings, express ...





More apparent, later called national music composer. As Poland's Chopin, Hungary's Liszt, and France St-mulberry, ...


Cournot, Frank, Czechoslovakia, Smetana, Dvorak, Grieg, Norway, Romania, Aeneas Basescu. .


And at the same time period gesenka, Tchaikovsky and Russia's powerful group. To restore the classical spirit of Brahms, and so on ...





Generally speaking. romantic artist's works have features in common, that is, features more significant than the structure and function ...


Them from the classical harmonic function system, strengthen the use of diacritical system, extensive use of dissonant chords, and for the. .


Irregular settlement, to create a high degree of tension and exciting effects; due to the expansion of the concept of regulation than in classical mode ...





Even loose; different styles of melodies, faces completely dominant position, wealth to the expressive, very touching;..





Three, four large establishment, is also closely related to large compilation of the band and chorus. Choral works of the romantic period, the Basic ...





In classical and romantic periods is the golden age of Western music, the vast number of music fans to this day still falling for this ...





Basic Law, that is, sound physical base to physiological and psychological basis of human music. Music and art in the final analysis is a table ...





Get pleasure, enjoyment and inspiration, to have social value of utility and aesthetic value of utility, had been accepted and approved. This ...


The performance of some music and thoughts and feelings of the people, reflecting the sum of human aesthetic aesthetic ideal transport, technology and art are up to. .


Very high level. Excellent art treasures are still resonate, dumping, and exciting, compelling, and..


Benefits, the achievements of classical and romantic music is worthy of a monument to the history of human culture, but also the development of this musical art after lay. .


A strong foundation ...





Cournot, and is satisfied that, and Verdi, Offenbach, Frank, and Bruckner, Brahms, Santa — mulberry, Bize, and the international Tchaikovsky ...





, Katherine Legge, Lage 构词成分。 Ninov etc..





Modern music reflects our planet's complex human spirit and the history and culture, for a variety of modern philosophy, the United States ...


Rise and fall of science and literary trend changes, historians have classified the different phases views. Music is genre scene. .


Classical and romantic traditions continue to be developed on the one hand, derived from a different branch or vice versa, and on emerging ...


Maverick new factions, the cross-cutting effects are still evolving almost impossible to summarize detailed instructions. Here are just. .


With two world wars as boundaries, describes some of the most important genre in three phases and its history ...





1. the impressionism--this is a confrontation with the romantic phase of reactionary, against the romantic kind based on personality and emotional expression..





Break through the traditional norms, undermine the traditional logic, is actually a kind of sound symbolism. Representative character of Debussy..


He transformed himself into a hazy subjective feelings, fantasy, with mystical music, melody, harmony, rhythm. .





Concise and clear lack of rhythm and tone, to the slow speed of the main efforts to more moderate, often with each other does not function. .


Relationship between change of colour chords, using medieval modes, diatonic and five sound levels in order to display specific colors ...


Color effects. Singing impressionist works that can not have too much of the strong beat, it was said there should be a "hanging in the air" feeling. .





Different levels of development. .


2. performance--and Impressionist opposite, is the deepening of late romanticism, emphasized the subjective feelings ...


The performance of self-contradiction, conflict, fear, sorrow and the like more extreme feelings. Music is characterized by a tight, strong, sharp. .





Limit. Expressionism in painting purposes in order to show the reality of the object to be deformed in the description of processing, music. .





From the late Romantic "collapse of tonality" point of view, and create atonal music school formed. In addition to negative tone of the outside. .


Expressionism with extremely asymmetric rhythms and want free musical melody often occur without any regular big jumps, ...


Work area and using a large number of extreme sound dissonant chords do not resolve to make efforts to change the density and sound very strong. .


Achieve sharp, exciting, fantastic effects with high tension and strong psychological boost. Selected themes are also ...


Abstract and pathological, can be clearly felt that Freud's psychology and Nietzsche "Superman" Philosophy. The school's self. .





After World War I, Italy futuristic first appeared, the first range of music extended to the noise in an attempt to counter. .


Reflecting characteristics of the industrial age, also experienced similar trends in other European countries, as well as creation using a differential tone, such as..


Legal and other round, but failed to form an important genre. The dynamic music of this period are the following aspects:. .


1. the national school of music in development--such as Bartok, Kodaly, Elgar, and others, and take full advantage of the characteristics of the folk music ...


, Inherited the tradition of romantic, impressionist and expressionist absorption techniques for creation. Soviet period music. .


Unique Russia be inherited and developed national music, like reyngol ' d moritsevich gliere, tuliang, xiaositakeweiqi, Pollock's ...


Kofi Aliyev and others, works a lot, technique? Nbsp; on behalf of the Soviet Union's choral works and choral activities are very prosperous. .


2. Arrival of the new classicism, the spirit of classicism--used to Tag Heuer Impressionism and romanticism of a slightly, the pursuit of? nbsp; and..


Form of balance, and strive to perfect technique, structure and neat, avoiding the interference of non-musical factors that should be feeling on top of skills. .


Their Ghost is still high level of academic, belittling the title music. Works of neoclassical rhythms of fresh lines clear, on the table ...


Emotional speech have higher requirements are more angular melody, rhythm changing, dissonant chords quite a lot, but also attention to the polyphonic writing. .


For, generally speaking, this genre a relative of rational, kind of indifference, yoga and see their works. Representative Stee ...


La Stravinsky, Hindemith, "French Six piece of self," and so on. .


3. neo-romanticism-romantic-continue on the path of development, the pursuit of emotional and warm, plump, with say a..





Concord, their work has a wealth of sound changes, highlight of the constant, though not necessarily ambitious deeply moving ...


Listening, popular music enthusiasts, they are particularly large choral works. Representatives are Tuohe, Orff, Hansen. .


, Ernest Walton, and grams of Rong Sidun sth Babil..


After World War II. Western music is characterized by the development of the two extremes, one is further rationalization by. .





Intensity of the sound, rhythm, density, and other aspects of chords to serialization. So composing a computation, and finally help calculation. .














In short, in the pursuit of new timbres and effects, multifarious. range from such experimental avant-garde sound great with ...





Maverick are characteristic of modern music, each composer can find a way out through various channels, making ...





Areas of modern choral works is often accompanied by a text description, guiding us to the rehearsal performances ...





Death, contrary old genre tend to have stronger development capacity. Chorus from the kinds of works of art, although there are also some modern ...





Choruses of the traditional creation, of course, also absorbs the different schools of modern techniques, including integration into some avant-garde techniques ...


Another point is also worth noting that, schools can not be absolutely in style or character to divide the times, Messiaen and others committed to sequence. .


Music, the opposition factions engaged in test; Stravinsky's life from Russia of national music to the original, new ...





Look at the issue not a rigid, modern music is a variety of genres, in particular mutual penetration results of the cross, to carefully objective ...





All kinds of genres, all in different ways to broaden the musical ability of artistic representation, those parts will be reasonable ...





Types of schools, exploring, outstanding music heritage as an essence of human civilization and treasure-eternal blaze. Command and..





Investment feelings activities show sincere and moving. Blind or intuitive to work is not reliable. Inevitably lost very accurately ...





Choirs will find it a bit easier ...


Italian folk songs to smooth vivid, rich and romantic song known to the world. Italian bright, sleek, colorful folklore, which are greatly promoted the development of Italian folk songs. Italian folk songs used guitar accompaniment, simple melody and harmony. Among the unique Italian Riverboat, the most famous love songs, and Yin Jiuge so. .


Italy human personality uninhibited enthusiasm, like singing, Italy has a long tradition of music, is also a cradle of Bel Canto. Italy folk song beautiful and colorful, by region can be divided into the South, North, Central and Sardinia region. Southern folk tune is characterized by clarity, minor, and freedom of rhythm, melody and sonorous. Melody is dominated by three chords and chord tone in the North, adjustable for the harmonic minor, melody is gorgeous and rich decoration, often adding polyphonic choir, rhythmic pattern strictly, are Strophic song forms.


Italy type of folk song: boat song, love song, pastoral, and narrative songs, love songs and Serenade, drinking songs, Italy folk fluent in vivid, full of singing and romantic ...